Training loads and practices of competitive organ-recipients at the British and World Transplant Games.

Background: Little information is available regarding the TL and training practices of competitive athletes who are solid-organ recipients. This study characterized TL and practices of competitive organ-recipients at the British and World Transplant Games, 2017.

Methods: Questionnaire data was gathered from 220 participants regarding sporting events and type, frequency, duration and intensity of training sessions undertaken.

Maximal Fat Oxidation during Incremental Upper and Lower Body Exercise in Healthy Young Males.

The aim of this study is to determine the magnitude of maximal fat oxidation (MFO) during incremental upper and lower body exercise. Thirteen non-specifically trained male participants (19.3 ± 0.

Characteristics of transplant athletes competing at national and international transplant games.

Objective: To describe the characteristics of athletes with solid-organ transplants (TxA) attending the British and World Transplant Games.

Methods: 220 TxA completed an online survey to explore transplant history, medications, training advice and support and limitations to training.

Results: TxA were predominantly caucasian, male, kidney recipients in their mid-forties and approximately 11 years post-transplant.

Therapeutic perceptions in management of transplant athletes at transplant games.

Objective: To investigate manual therapist's knowledge and beliefs of working with Transplantee Athletes (TxA) at Transplant Games.

Design: On-line questionnaire.

Participants: Thirty present and previous members of Transplant Sport 'therapy team' (age; 35 ± 14 years, 24 female).

Impact of passive heat stress on persons with spinal cord injury: Implications for Olympic spectators.

Environmental heat stress can negatively impact health, work capacity, and athletic performance and potentially to lead to life-threatening consequences if not mitigated. With the upcoming Toyko Olympic games to be held during anticipated warm ambient temperatures (up to 29°C), and with spectators potentially spending long durations of time outdoors, certain populations of persons with impaired thermoregulatory capacity will be at higher risk of heat-related illness from passive heat stress. Persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) are one of these groups as a result of a decentralized sympathetic nervous system, which leaves them with impairment in convective and evaporative cooling via vasodilation and sweating, respectively.

Cervical range of motion in school age rugby union players: A cross sectional study.

Objectives: Provide normative values for cervical range of motion and describe trends in school age rugby union players.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting: National 3 level club.

Thermoregulation following spinal cord injury.

Spinal cord injury results in physiologic adaptations affecting heat production (reduced muscle mass) and heat dissipation (blood redistribution and reduced sweating capacity below the level of lesion). However, it is the balance between these factors which determines whether heat balance is achieved. Core temperature estimates are generally consistent with those for the able-bodied, with cooler values reported in some instances.

Efficacy of an 8-Week Concurrent Strength and Endurance Training program on Hand Cycling Performance.

Nevin, JP, Smith, P, Waldron, M, Patterson, S, Price, M, Hunt, A, and Blagrove, R. Efficacy of an 8-week concurrent strength and endurance training program on hand cycling performance. J Strength Cond Res 32(7): 1861-1868, 2018-The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of an 8-week concurrent strength and endurance training program in comparison with endurance training only on several key determinants of hand cycling performance.

Carrying heavy asymmetrical loads increases postural sway during quiet standing in older adults.

Holding asymmetrical loads in the hands is common during many daily and occupational activities which, depending on the load mass, may alter postural stability. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of load magnitude held asymmetrically in the hand on postural sway in older people. Eighteen healthy older adults (age 65.

Stable isotope discrimination factors and between-tissue isotope comparisons for bone and skin from captive and wild green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas).

Rationale: The ecological application of stable isotope analysis (SIA) relies on taxa- and tissue-specific stable carbon (Δ C) and nitrogen (Δ N) isotope discrimination factors, determined with captive animals reared on known diets for sufficient time to reflect dietary isotope ratios. However, captive studies often prohibit lethal sampling, are difficult with endangered species, and reflect conditions not experienced in the wild.

Methods: We overcame these constraints and determined the Δ C and Δ N values for skin and cortical bone from green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas) that died in captivity and evaluated the utility of a mathematical approach to predict discrimination factors.

Effect of cadence on locomotor-respiratory coupling during upper-body exercise.

Introduction: Asynchronous arm-cranking performed at high cadences elicits greater cardiorespiratory responses compared to low cadences. This has been attributed to increased postural demand and locomotor-respiratory coupling (LRC), and yet, this has not been empirically tested. This study aimed to assess the effects of cadence on cardiorespiratory responses and LRC during upper-body exercise.

The effects of a heat acclimation protocol in persons with spinal cord injury.

Persons without spinal cord injury (SCI) physiologically acclimate between seven to fourteen consecutive days of exercise in the heat. Decreased resting and exercise core temperature, decreased heart rate, increased plasma volume and increased thermal comfort during exercise are changes consistent with heat acclimation. Autonomic dysfunction after SCI impairs heat dissipation through sweating and vasodilation.

Measurement of saliva flow rate in healthy young humans: influence of collection time and mouthrinse water temperature.

The aim of the current study was to determine if unstimulated saliva flow (measured in μl min ) is affected by different durations of sample collection and by temperatures of mouthrinse water used before sample collection. In randomized order, participants provided 10 samples of unstimulated saliva at time points ranging from 1 to 6 min after rinsing with different temperatures of water (10, 20, and 30°C). Data were analysed by one-way anova with post-hoc tests.

Evaluating the effects of caffeine and sodium bicarbonate, ingested individually or in combination, and a taste-matched placebo on high-intensity cycling capacity in healthy males.

This study evaluated the effects of ingesting sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) or caffeine individually or in combination on high-intensity cycling capacity. In a counterbalanced, crossover design, 13 healthy, noncycling trained males (age: 21 ± 3 years, height: 178 ± 6 cm, body mass: 76 ± 12 kg, peak power output (Wpeak): 230 ± 34 W, peak oxygen uptake: 46 ± 8 mL·kg(-1)·min(-1)) performed a graded incremental exercise test, 2 familiarisation trials, and 4 experimental trials. Trials consisted of cycling to volitional exhaustion at 100% Wpeak (TLIM) 60 min after ingesting a solution containing either (i) 0.

The effects of acute arm crank ergometry and cycle ergometry on postural sway and attentional demands during quiet bipedal standing.

Current evidence suggests that acute bouts of lower limb exercise elicits a number of adverse effects on both sensory and motor components of postural control. The effects of acute exercise on quiet standing balance while concurrently performing an attentional task remains equivocal. This study aimed to compare the alterations in postural control and attentional demands elicited by upper and lower limb exercise.

A comparison of two anaerobic test measurement systems using an upper body Wingate test.

This study aimed to compare performance measures acquired by two different Wingate Anaerobic Test systems; Cranlea and Monark. Twenty participants undertook 58 Wingate tests against a 4% body mass resistive load on a cycle ergometer adapted for arm cranking. Corrected peak power output (PP; W) was recorded using 1 rev min(-1), 0.

The effects of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) ingestion on high intensity cycling capacity.

Ten healthy, non-cycling trained males (age: 21.2 ± 2.2 years, body mass: 75.

The effects of combined glucose-electrolyte and sodium bicarbonate ingestion on prolonged intermittent exercise performance.

This study examined the effects of combined glucose and sodium bicarbonate ingestion prior to intermittent exercise. Ninemales (mean ± s age 25.4 ± 6.

Effect of seated restraint and body size on lung function.

Background: Previous studies of death during law enforcement restraint have focused on lying restraint positions; this study extends this work to seated restraint positions.

Methods: Lung function in a standing control position was compared with lung function in seated positions using 40 volunteers.

Results: No significant reduction in lung function was detected in an upright seated position.

The effects of an increasing versus constant crank rate on peak physiological responses during incremental arm crank ergometry.

We examined the effects of concomitant increases in crank rate and power output on incremental arm crank ergometry. Ten healthy males undertook three incremental upper body exercise tests to volitional exhaustion. The first test determined peak minute power.

The effects of work:rest duration on physiological and perceptual responses during intermittent exercise and performance.

In this study, we examined the effects of different work:rest durations during 20 min intermittent treadmill running and subsequent performance. Nine males (mean age 25.8 years, s = 6.