Assessing the accuracy and quality of artificial intelligence (AI) chatbot-generated responses in making patient-specific drug-therapy and healthcare-related decisions.

Background: Interactive artificial intelligence tools such as ChatGPT have gained popularity, yet little is known about their reliability as a reference tool for healthcare-related information for healthcare providers and trainees. The objective of this study was to assess the consistency, quality, and accuracy of the responses generated by ChatGPT on healthcare-related inquiries.

Methods: A total of 18 open-ended questions including six questions in three defined clinical areas (2 each to address "what", "why", and "how", respectively) were submitted to ChatGPT v3.

Identification of Core Interprofessional Preceptor Competencies and Development of a Preceptor Self-Assessment Tool.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine what activities and skills interprofessional health science preceptors (IHSPs) perform and value as a part of their pedagogical practice in order to support the development of a preceptor self-assessment tool and assist in preceptor training.

Methods: We administered an online survey to identify core preceptor activities across health sciences disciplines that interact with nursing. The initial survey items were developed based on the Interprofessional Education Collaborative (IPEC) core competencies as well as a search of literature on expected preceptor competencies and activities across individual health sciences professions.

Arginine Regulates the Mucoid Phenotype of Hypervirulent .

Hypervirulent is associated with severe community-acquired infections. Hypervirulent colonies typically exhibit a mucoid phenotype. mucoidy is influenced by a complex combination of environmental factors and genetic mechanisms.

Creating a win-win: A novel layered learning approach for assessing first-year pharmacy students' communication skills.

Background And Purpose: Individualized assessment of students in skills-based courses is essential for practice readiness, however recruiting evaluators is challenging. Our school of pharmacy offers a teaching certificate program for postgraduate year one pharmacy residents (PGY1 residents; PGY1s) which requires completion of a teaching experience. The longitudinal layered learning assessment experience (LLLAE) was designed to meet instructional needs for individualized assessment of first-year pharmacy students' communication skills and provide a meaningful teaching opportunity for PGY1s.

Physical Pain Among Urban Native American Emerging Adults: Sociocultural Risk and Protective Factors.

Objective: American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) people have high rates of physical pain. Pain is understudied in urban-dwelling, AI/AN emerging adults, a group with unique sociocultural risk and protective factors. We explore associations between socioeconomic disadvantage, additional sociocultural factors, and pain among urban AI/AN emerging adults.

A multi-species outbreak of VIM-producing carbapenem-resistant bacteria in a burn unit and subsequent investigation of rapid development of cefiderocol resistance.

Carbapenem resistance due to metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) such as the Verona integron-encoded metallo-β-lactamase (VIM) is particularly problematic due to the limited treatment options. We describe a case series of bacterial infections in a tertiary care hospital due to multi-species acquisition of a VIM gene along with our experience using novel β-lactam antibiotics and antibiotic combinations to treat these infections. Four patients were treated with the combination of ceftazidime-avibactam and aztreonam, with no resistance to the combination detected.

Enlarged pituitary gland volume: a possible state rather than trait marker of psychotic disorders.

Background: Enlarged pituitary gland volume could be a marker of psychotic disorders. However, previous studies report conflicting results. To better understand the role of the pituitary gland in psychosis, we examined a large transdiagnostic sample of individuals with psychotic disorders.

Cultivation and Genomic DNA Extraction of Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Klebsiella pneumoniae is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium of medical significance. It typically exists as part of the normal flora of the human intestine but can cause severe infections in the healthcare setting due to its rapid acquisition of antibiotic resistance. Cultivating and extracting genomic DNA from this bacterium is crucial for downstream characterization and comparative analyses.

Urine-mediated suppression of mucoidy is counteracted by spontaneous Wzc variants altering capsule chain length.

is a hospital-associated pathogen primarily causing urinary tract infections (UTIs), pneumonia, and septicemia. Two challenging lineages include the hypervirulent strains, causing invasive community-acquired infections, and the carbapenem-resistant classical strains, most frequently isolated from UTIs. While hypervirulent strains are often characterized by a hypermucoid phenotype, classical strains usually present with low mucoidy.

The Klebsiella pneumoniae Operon Enhances Stress Tolerance.

Healthcare-acquired infections are a leading cause of disease in patients that are hospitalized or in long-term-care facilities. Klebsiella pneumoniae (Kp) is a leading cause of bacteremia, pneumonia, and urinary tract infections in these settings. Previous studies have established that the operon, a genetic locus that confers tellurite oxide (KTeO) resistance, is associated with infection in colonized patients.

Effects of personalized music intervention on nurse burnout: A feasibility randomized controlled trial.

Burnout is highly prevalent among nurses; however, the effect of personalized music intervention on burnout remains unclear on nurses. We aimed to investigate the effects of personalized music intervention in relieving burnout among nurses. Forty-two eligible nurses were recruited for an assessor-blinded, two-arm parallel randomized controlled trial.

Comorbid Patterns in the Homeless Population: A Theoretical Model to Enhance Patient Care.

Introduction: From the perspective of social determinants, homelessness perpetuates poor health and creates barriers to effective chronic disease management, necessitating frequent use of emergency department (ED) services. In this study we developed a screening algorithm (checklist) from common comorbidities observed in the homeless population in the United States. The result was a theoretical screening tool (checklist) to aid healthcare workers in the ED, including residents, medical students, and other trainees, to provide more efficacious treatment and referrals for discharge.

Risk and Resilience Among Families in Urban AI/AN Communities: the Role of Young Adults.

Urban American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) young adults and their families are often geographically or socially distant from tribal networks and traditional social support. Young adults can be especially vulnerable to cultural and social disconnection, so understanding how AI/AN family functioning can augment resilience and protect against risk is important. This research precedes a preventive substance use intervention study and explores urban Native family functioning, emphasizing the role of young adults by analyzing data from 13 focus groups with urban AI/AN young adults (n = 32), parents (n = 25), and health providers (n = 33).

A Diagnosis and Biotype Comparison Across the Psychosis Spectrum: Investigating Volume and Shape Amygdala-Hippocampal Differences from the B-SNIP Study.

Objective: Brain-based Biotypes for psychotic disorders have been developed as part of the B-SNIP consortium to create neurobiologically distinct subgroups within idiopathic psychosis, independent from traditional phenomenological diagnostic methods. In the current study, we aimed to validate the Biotype model by assessing differences in volume and shape of the amygdala and hippocampus contrasting traditional clinical diagnoses with Biotype classification.

Methods: A total of 811 participants from 6 sites were included: probands with schizophrenia (n = 199), schizoaffective disorder (n = 122), psychotic bipolar disorder with psychosis (n = 160), and healthy controls (n = 330).

Association of white matter microstructure and extracellular free-water with cognitive performance in the early course of schizophrenia.

Schizophrenia (SZ) is proposed as a disorder of dysconnectivity underlying cognitive impairments and clinical manifestations. Although previous studies have shown extracellular changes in white matter of first-episode SZ, little is known about the transition period towards chronicity and its association with cognition. Free-water (FW) imaging was applied to 79 early course SZ participants and 29 controls to detect white matter axonal and extracellular differences during this phase of illness.

Optimization of an Experimental Vaccine To Prevent Escherichia coli Urinary Tract Infection.

Urinary tract infections (UTI) affect half of all women at least once during their lifetime. The rise in the numbers of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing strains and the potential for carbapenem resistance within uropathogenic (UPEC), the most common causative agent of UTI, create an urgent need for vaccine development. Intranasal immunization of mice with UPEC outer membrane iron receptors FyuA, Hma, IreA, and IutA, conjugated to cholera toxin, provides protection in the bladder or kidneys under conditions of challenge with UPEC strain CFT073 or strain 536.

mSphere of Influence: Systematically Decoding Microbial Chemical Communication.

Laura A. Mike works in the field of bacterial pathogenesis. In this mSphere of Influence article, she reflects on how "Insights into Secondary Metabolism from a Global Analysis of Prokaryotic Biosynthetic Gene Clusters" by P.

Social cognition in early course of schizophrenia: Exploratory factor analysis.

Social cognition is a central contributor to social functioning in schizophrenia. A better understanding of the underlying structure of social cognition in the early course schizophrenia could help us identify more precise targets for intervention in this population. In the present study, we performed an Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) on 90 patients within the early course of schizophrenia using 11 validated subtests assessing various domains of social cognitive skills.

Discovery of nicoyamycin A, an inhibitor of uropathogenic Escherichia coli growth in low iron environments.

High-throughput screening and activity-guided purification identified nicoyamycin A, a natural product comprised of an uncommon 3-methyl-1,4-dioxane ring incorporated into a desferrioxamine-like backbone via a spiroaminal linkage. Nicoyamycin A potently inhibits uropathogenic Escherichia coli growth in low iron medium, a promising step toward developing novel antibiotics to treat recalcitrant bacterial infections.

Siderophore vaccine conjugates protect against uropathogenic Escherichia coli urinary tract infection.

Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is the primary cause of uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTIs). Whereas most infections are isolated cases, 1 in 40 women experience recurrent UTIs. The rise in antibiotic resistance has complicated the management of chronic UTIs and necessitates new preventative strategies.

A Small-Molecule Inhibitor of Iron-Sulfur Cluster Assembly Uncovers a Link between Virulence Regulation and Metabolism in Staphylococcus aureus.

The rising problem of antimicrobial resistance in Staphylococcus aureus necessitates the discovery of novel therapeutic targets for small-molecule intervention. A major obstacle of drug discovery is identifying the target of molecules selected from high-throughput phenotypic assays. Here, we show that the toxicity of a small molecule termed '882 is dependent on the constitutive activity of the S.

Decoupling Activation of Heme Biosynthesis from Anaerobic Toxicity in a Molecule Active in Staphylococcus aureus.

Small molecules active in the pathogenic bacterium Staphylococcus aureus are valuable tools for the study of its basic biology and pathogenesis, and many molecules may provide leads for novel therapeutics. We have previously reported a small molecule, 1, which activates endogenous heme biosynthesis in S. aureus, leading to an accumulation of intracellular heme.