A novel experimental chamber for the characterization of free-falling particles in volcanic plumes.

Volcanic plumes pose a hazard to health and society and a particular risk for aviation. Hazard mitigation relies on forecasting plume dispersion within the atmosphere over time. The accuracy of forecasts depends on our understanding of particle dispersion and sedimentation processes, as well as on the accuracy of model input parameters, such as the initial particle size distribution and concentrations of volcanic particles (i.

Supraglacial lake drainage at a fast-flowing Greenlandic outlet glacier.

Supraglacial lake drainage events influence Greenland Ice Sheet dynamics on hourly to interannual timescales. However, direct observations are rare, and, to date, no in situ studies exist from fast-flowing sectors of the ice sheet. Here, we present observations of a rapid lake drainage event at Store Glacier, west Greenland, in 2018.

Hemoglobin glutamer-250 (bovine) in South Africa: consensus usage guidelines from clinician experts who have treated patients.

Hemopure (hemoglobin glutamer-250 [bovine]; HBOC-201) is a hemoglobin (Hb)-based oxygen carrier registered with the Medicines Control Council of South Africa. It is indicated for the treatment of adult patients who are acutely anemic, for the purpose of maintaining tissue oxygen delivery thus eliminating, delaying, or reducing the need for allogeneic red blood cells (RBCs). Hemopure is a volume expander, and circulatory volume must be carefully monitored for signs of fluid overload.

Exceptional mobility of an advancing rhyolitic obsidian flow at Cordón Caulle volcano in Chile.

The emplacement mechanisms of rhyolitic lava flows are enigmatic and, despite high lava viscosities and low inferred effusion rates, can result in remarkably, laterally extensive (>30 km) flow fields. Here we present the first observations of an active, extensive rhyolitic lava flow field from the 2011-2012 eruption at Cordón Caulle, Chile. We combine high-resolution four-dimensional flow front models, created using automated photo reconstruction techniques, with sequential satellite imagery.

Metastasis of a cecal adenocarcinoma to the prostate five years after a right hemicolectomy: a case report.

Introduction: Prostatic metastasis from a primary bowel adenocarcinoma has been only rarely reported in the medical literature. The case reported here is rare in the fact that the primary tumor was from a right-sided bowel adenocarcinoma. It is unusual because initial immunostaining was not fully conclusive, and so a relatively new method of immunostaining, CDX2, was used to ascertain its histopathology.

A balanced view of balanced solutions.

The present review of fluid therapy studies using balanced solutions versus isotonic saline fluids (both crystalloids and colloids) aims to address recent controversy in this topic. The change to the acid-base equilibrium based on fluid selection is described. Key terms such as dilutional-hyperchloraemic acidosis (correctly used instead of dilutional acidosis or hyperchloraemic metabolic acidosis to account for both the Henderson-Hasselbalch and Stewart equations), isotonic saline and balanced solutions are defined.

Preventing airborne infection with an intranasal cellulose powder formulation (Nasaleze travel).

A total of 52 volunteers were recruited to take part in a dual-centered, randomized, blinded study so investigators could determine whether the level of airborne infection could be significantly reduced in patients randomly assigned to treatment with either Nasaleze cellulose extract alone or a combination of Nasaleze cellulose and powdered garlic extract (PGE). One puff into each nostril was recommended, and volunteers who developed an infection while traveling were told to use at least 3 puffs per nostril until symptoms were reduced. This study took place over an 8-wk period across Finland and the United Kingdom between November 2006 and March 2007.

Thyme and isolation for the Sinai baton blue butterfly (Pseudophilotes sinaicus).

The distribution of the narrowly endemic butterfly Pseudophilotes sinaicus (Lycaenidae) was studied. Potential habitat within its range was first located and then the quality of that habitat assessed. Degree of shelter, diversity of plant species, and resource area of an individual food plant (Thymus decussatus) all affected habitat quality and together were used to develop an index of habitat suitability applicable to each site.