Cost-effectiveness of the 'Stay One Step Ahead' Home Safety programme for the prevention of injuries among children under 5 years.

Background: Unintentional injuries are a common cause of morbidity and mortality in the under-5s, but undertaking home safety practices can reduce injury risk. Stay One Step Ahead (SOSA) is an evidence-based standardised home safety programme. This study evaluates the cost-effectiveness of SOSA versus usual care in Nottingham, UK.

Implementation fidelity of the 'Stay One Step Ahead' home safety intervention: a mixed-methods analysis.

Objective: To assess implementation fidelity of the Stay One Step Ahead (SOSA), a complex intervention which was delivered by health visiting teams, children's centres, and family mentors and was aimed at preventing unintentional home injuries in children under 5 in disadvantaged communities.

Study Design: A mixed-methods evaluation of the implementation fidelity of the SOSA intervention.

Methods: A conceptual framework for implementation fidelity was used to triangulate data from questionnaires and semistructured interviews with parents and practitioners, observations of parent and practitioner contacts, and meeting documents.

Effectiveness of systematically delivered evidence-based home safety promotion to improve child home safety practices: a controlled before-and-after study.

Objective: Evaluate the effectiveness of systematically delivered evidence-based home safety promotion for improving child home safety practices.

Design: Controlled before-and-after study.

Setting: Nine electoral wards in Nottingham, UK.

Evaluation of the effectiveness, implementation and cost-effectiveness of the Stay One Step Ahead home safety promotion intervention for pre-school children: a study protocol.

Background: Unintentional injuries in children under the age of 5 years commonly occur in the home and disproportionately affect those living in disadvantaged circumstances. Targeted home safety promotion should be offered to families most at risk but there is a paucity of standardised evidence-based resources available for use across family-support practitioners.

Objective: To assess the effectiveness, implementation and cost-effectiveness of a 2-year home safety programme (Stay One Step Ahead) developed by parents, practitioners and researchers, and delivered by a range of family support providers in inner-city localities, compared with usual care in matched control localities.

Evaluating implementation of a fire-prevention injury prevention briefing in children's centres: Cluster randomised controlled trial.

Background: Many developed countries have high mortality rates for fire-related deaths in children aged 0-14 years with steep social gradients. Evidence-based interventions to promote fire safety practices exist, but the impact of implementing a range of these interventions in children's services has not been assessed. We developed an Injury Prevention Briefing (IPB), which brought together evidence about effective fire safety interventions and good practice in delivering interventions; plus training and facilitation to support its use and evaluated its implementation.

Poison prevention practices and medically attended poisoning in young children: multicentre case-control study.

Introduction: Childhood poisonings are common, placing a substantial burden on health services. Case-control studies have found inconsistent evidence about modifiable risk factors for poisonings among children aged 0-4 years. This study quantifies associations between poison prevention practices and medically attended poisonings in children aged 0-4 years.

Recruitment and retention strategies and the examination of attrition bias in a randomised controlled trial in children's centres serving families in disadvantaged areas of England.

Background: Failure to retain participants in randomised controlled trials and longitudinal studies can cause significant methodological problems. We report the recruitment and retention strategies of a randomised controlled trial to promote fire-related injury prevention in families with pre-school children attending children's centres in disadvantaged areas in England.

Methods: Thirty-six children's centres were cluster randomised into one of three arms of a 12-month fire-related injury prevention trial.

Preventing childhood scalds within the home: Overview of systematic reviews and a systematic review of primary studies.

Objective: To synthesise and evaluate the evidence of the effectiveness of interventions to prevent scalds in children.

Methods: An overview of systematic reviews (SR) and a SR of primary studies were performed evaluating interventions to prevent scalds in children. A comprehensive literature search was conducted covering various resources up to October 2012.

A decision analytic model to investigate the cost-effectiveness of poisoning prevention practices in households with young children.

Background: Systematic reviews and a network meta-analysis show home safety education with or without the provision of safety equipment is effective in promoting poison prevention behaviours in households with children. This paper compares the cost-effectiveness of home safety interventions to promote poison prevention practices.

Methods: A probabilistic decision-analytic model simulates healthcare costs and benefits for a hypothetical cohort of under 5 year olds.

Implementing an Injury Prevention Briefing to aid delivery of key fire safety messages in UK children's centres: qualitative study nested within a multi-centre randomised controlled trial.

Background: To improve the translation of public health evidence into practice, there is a need to increase practitioner involvement in initiative development, to place greater emphasis on contextual knowledge, and to address intervention processes and outcomes. Evidence that demonstrates the need to reduce childhood fire-related injuries is compelling but its translation into practice is inconsistent and limited. With this knowledge the Keeping Children Safe programme developed an "Injury Prevention Briefing (IPB)" using a 7 step process to combine scientific evidence with practitioner contextual knowledge.

Risk and protective factors for falls from furniture in young children: multicenter case-control study.

Importance: Falls from furniture are common in young children but there is little evidence on protective factors for these falls.

Objective: To estimate associations for risk and protective factors for falls from furniture in children aged 0 to 4 years.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Multicenter case-control study at hospitals, minor injury units, and general practices in and around 4 UK study centers.

Cost-effectiveness of interventions for increasing the possession of functioning smoke alarms in households with pre-school children: a modelling study.

Background: The UK has one of the highest rates for deaths from fire and flames in children aged 0-14 years compared to other high income countries. Evidence shows that smoke alarms can reduce the risk of fire-related injury but little exists on their cost-effectiveness. We aimed to compare the cost effectiveness of different interventions for the uptake of 'functioning' smoke alarms and consequently for the prevention of fire-related injuries in children in the UK.

Keeping children safe at home: protocol for a matched case-control study of modifiable risk factors for poisoning.

Background: Childhood unintentional and suspected poisonings are a serious public health problem. Evidence from systematic reviews demonstrates that home safety education in combination with safety equipment provision increases the safe storage of medicines and other products. There is lack of evidence that poisoning prevention practices reduce poisoning rates.

Multicentre cluster randomised controlled trial evaluating implementation of a fire prevention Injury Prevention Briefing in children's centres: study protocol.

Background: The UK has one of the highest fatality rates for deaths from fire-related injuries in children aged 0-14 years; these injuries have the steepest social gradient of all injuries in the UK. Children's centres provide children under five years old and their families with a range of services and information, including home safety, but their effectiveness in promoting injury prevention has yet to be evaluated. We developed a fire prevention intervention for use in children's centres comprising an Injury Prevention Briefing (IPB) which provides evidence on what works and best practice from those running injury prevention programmes, and a facilitation package to support implementation of the IPB.

National survey of the injury prevention activities of children's centres.

Children's centres were established across England to provide a range of services including early education, social care and health to pre-school children and their families. We surveyed children's centres to ascertain the activities they were undertaking to prevent unintentional injuries in the under fives. A postal questionnaire was sent to a sample of children's centre managers (n = 694).

The advocacy for pedestrian safety study: cluster randomised trial evaluating a political advocacy approach to reduce pedestrian injuries in deprived communities.

Objective: To determine whether advocacy targeted at local politicians leads to action to reduce the risk of pedestrian injury in deprived areas.

Design: Cluster randomised controlled trial.

Setting: 239 electoral wards in 57 local authorities in England and Wales.

Keeping children safe at home: protocol for three matched case-control studies of modifiable risk factors for falls.

Background: Childhood falls result in considerable morbidity, mortality and health service use. Despite this, little evidence exists on protective factors or effective falls prevention interventions in young children.

Objectives: To estimate ORs for three types of medically attended fall injuries in young children in relation to safety equipment, safety behaviours and hazard reduction and explore differential effects by child and family factors and injury severity.

Remodeling the oligosaccharides on β-glucocerebrosidase using hydrophobic interaction chromatography and applications of hydroxyl ethyl starch for improving remodeling and enhancing protein stability.

In this article, we describe a hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) method to remodel the carbohydrates on recombinant human β-glucocerebrosidase (GCR) and the use of hydroxyl ethyl starch (HES) an ethylated starch polymer, to improve this process. GCR is a therapeutic protein used in the treatment of Gaucher disease, a life threatening condition in which patients lack sufficient functional levels of this enzyme. Gaucher disease is the most common inherited lysosomal storage disorder resulting in hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, and bone and lung pathology due to the accumulation of glucosylceramide in the lysosomes of macrophages (Beutler and Grabowski, 2001).

Preventing bath water scalds: a cost-effectiveness analysis of introducing bath thermostatic mixer valves in social housing.

Aims: To assess the cost-effectiveness of installing thermostatic mixer valves (TMVs) in reducing risks of bath water scalds and estimate the costs of avoiding bath water scalds.

Methods: The evaluation was undertaken from the perspective of the UK public sector, and conducted in conjunction with a randomised control trial of TMVs installed in social housing in Glasgow. Installation costs were borne by the social housing organisation, while support materials were provided by the UK NHS.