The effect of high and low velocity-based training on the throwing performance of collegiate handball players.

Background: The intensity of strength training exercise is generally regarded to be the most essential element in developing muscle strength and power. The exercise intensity of strength training is known as one-repetition maximum (1RM). Velocity-based training (VBT) has been proposed as a different approach for determining training intensity.

The effect of climbing ability and slope inclination on vertical foot loading using a novel force sensor instrumentation system.

The aim of the study was to assess the effects of climbing ability and slope inclination on vertical loading both in terms the forces involved and physiological responses. Five novice and six intermediate female climbers completed a climbing route at three slope inclinations (85°, 90°, and 98°). The vertical loading during the climb was assessed by force-time integral using a Novel Pedar-X insole and physiological responses via oxygen uptake and heart rate.

Pre-Adolescent Cardio-Metabolic Associations and Correlates: PACMAC methodology and study protocol.

Introduction: Although cardiovascular disease is typically associated with middle or old age, the atherosclerotic process often initiates early in childhood. The process of atherosclerosis appears to be occurring at an increasing rate, even in pre-adolescents, and has been linked to the childhood obesity epidemic. This study will investigate the relationships between obesity, lifestyle behaviours and cardiometabolic health in pre-pubescent children aged 8-10 years, and investigates whether there are differences in the correlates of cardiometabolic health between Māori and Caucasian children.

Research priorities for child and adolescent physical activity and sedentary behaviours: an international perspective using a twin-panel Delphi procedure.

Background: The quantity and quality of studies in child and adolescent physical activity and sedentary behaviour have rapidly increased, but research directions are often pursued in a reactive and uncoordinated manner.

Aim: To arrive at an international consensus on research priorities in the area of child and adolescent physical activity and sedentary behaviour.

Methods: Two independent panels, each consisting of 12 experts, undertook three rounds of a Delphi methodology.

Maori physical activity: a review of an indigenous population's participation.

Issue Addressed: Indigenous populations have disparities in health along with disparities in modifiable risk factors, including low participation in physical activity. Given the importance of physical activity in moderating ill health, do all indigenous peoples exhibit low activity prevalence in concert with ill health? If an indigenous population is relatively active, what can be learned about physical activity development that has underlined this activity and could this be transferred to practice in other countries?

Methods: A review of national surveys undertaken since 1997 reporting physical activity prevalence of New Zealanders of different ethnicities, including Maori, was conducted. This was compared with prevalence data from other countries gained from searches of databases including PubMed, MEDLINE, Sports Discus and government websites.

Cardiorespiratory and cerebrovascular responses to acute poikilocapnic hypoxia following intermittent and continuous exposure to hypoxia in humans.

We tested the hypothesis that intermittent hypoxia (IH) and/or continuous hypoxia (CH) would enhance the ventilatory response to acute hypoxia (HVR), thereby altering blood pressure (BP) and cerebral perfusion. Seven healthy volunteers were randomly selected to complete 10-12 days of IH (5-min hypoxia to 5-min normoxia repeated for 90 min) before ascending to mild CH (1,560 m) for 12 days. Seven other volunteers did not receive any IH before ascending to CH for the same 12 days.

Alterations in cerebral autoregulation and cerebral blood flow velocity during acute hypoxia: rest and exercise.

We examined the relationship between changes in cardiorespiratory and cerebrovascular function in 14 healthy volunteers with and without hypoxia [arterial O(2) saturation (Sa(O(2))) approximately 80%] at rest and during 60-70% maximal oxygen uptake steady-state cycling exercise. During all procedures, ventilation, end-tidal gases, heart rate (HR), arterial blood pressure (BP; Finometer) cardiac output (Modelflow), muscle and cerebral oxygenation (near-infrared spectroscopy), and middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity (MCAV; transcranial Doppler ultrasound) were measured continuously. The effect of hypoxia on dynamic cerebral autoregulation was assessed with transfer function gain and phase shift in mean BP and MCAV.