Control of paratuberculosis: who, why and how. A review of 48 countries.

Paratuberculosis, a chronic disease affecting ruminant livestock, is caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP). It has direct and indirect economic costs, impacts animal welfare and arouses public health concerns.

Aiming for a holistic integrated service for men diagnosed with prostate cancer - Definitions of standards and skill sets for nurses and allied healthcare professionals.

Purpose: To establish a comprehensive set of recommendations for the service structure and skill set of nurses and allied healthcare professionals in prostate cancer care.

Methods: Using components of formal consensus methodology, a 30-member multidisciplinary panel produced 53 items for discussion relating to the provision of care for prostate cancer patients by specialist nurses and allied healthcare professionals. Items were developed by two rounds of email correspondence in which, first, items were generated and, second, items refined to form the basis of a consensus meeting which constituted the third round of review.

Water immersion in the treatment of exertional hyperthermia: physical determinants.

Purpose: We examined the effect of differences in body surface area-to-lean body mass ratio (AD/LBM) on core temperature cooling rates during cold water immersion (CWI, 2°C) and temperate water immersion (TWI, 26°C) after exercise-induced hyperthermia.

Methods: Twenty male participants were divided into two groups: high (315.6 ± 7.

Impairments in local heat loss in type 1 diabetes during exercise in the heat.

Unlabelled: Studies show that vasomotor and sudomotor activities are compromised in individuals with Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), which could lead to impaired skin blood flow (SkBF) and sweating during heat stress. However, recent work suggests the impairments may only be evidenced beyond a certain level of heat stress.

Purpose: We examined T1DM-related differences in heat loss responses of SkBF and sweating during exercise performed at progressive increases in the requirement for heat loss.

Biochemistry of smooth muscle myosin light chain kinase.

The smooth muscle isoform of myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) is a Ca(2+)-calmodulin-activated kinase that is found in many tissues. It is particularly important for regulating smooth muscle contraction by phosphorylation of myosin. This review summarizes selected aspects of recent biochemical work on MLCK that pertains to its function in smooth muscle.