Metal enolates of alpha-CF3 ketones: theoretical guideline, direct generation, and synthetic use.

The difficulty as well as the significance of the direct generation of metal enolates of alpha-CF(3) ketones cannot be easily understood by chemists unfamiliar with F. In sharp contrast to the sunny side of non-F, hydrocarbon chemistry, F chemistry has long been overshadowed. Metal enolates of carbonyl compounds are synthetically important in C-C bond-forming reactions.

Tropos or atropos nature of rhodium complexes bearing a tetrakis(phosphanyl)terphenyl ligand: highly enantioselective catalysis of ene-type cyclization.

[reaction and structure: see text] Not only axial but also helical chirality of tropos TETRAPHOS-Rh complexes can be controlled by chiral diamines. The flexibility of the TETRAPHOS-Rh complex is increased by association of DABN. In contrast, the diamine-free complex is chirally more stable than the BIPHEP counterpart.

Dual chirality control of palladium(II) complexes bearing tropos biphenyl diamine ligands.

Axial and center chirality of Pd complexes with tropos biphenyl secondary diamine ligands is shown to be controlled by chiral amide (R)-DABNTf, which can efficiently discriminate between two enantiomeric Pd complexes.

Facile radical trifluoromethylation of lithium enolates.

[reaction: see text] Highly basic lithium enolates are shown to be applicable to radical trifluoromethylation. The reaction is extremely fast, and the minimum reaction time is approximately 1 s.

Risk factors for kidney cancer in a Japanese population: findings from the JACC Study.

Background: The incidence of kidney cancer is high in Western and Northern Europe and North America, and low in Asia. Although the incidence of kidney cancer in Japan is lower than the rates in the other industrialized countries, there is no doubt that it is increasing.

Methods: We evaluated the risk factors for kidney cancer death using the database of the Japan Collaborative Cohort (JACC) Study (i.

Association of serum phytoestrogen concentration and dietary habits in a sample set of the JACC Study.

Background: Phytoestrogens may be associated with a reduced risk of hormone dependent neoplasms such as prostate and breast cancers. We tried to determine the validity of the association between serum phytoestrogen concentrations and dietary habits obtained from a food frequency questionnaire used in the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study (JACC Study) for Evaluation of Cancer Risk sponsored by the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture of Japan (Monbusho).

Methods: The subjects were 151 male controls who were selected for a nested case-control study for evaluating prostate cancer risk as part of the JACC Study.

Dietary habits and risk of urothelial cancer incidence in the JACC Study.

Background: The relationships between dietary habits and urothelial cancer have been discussed in many epidemiologic studies, however, they have not been sufficiently elucidated. In the present study, the associations of dietary habits with the risk of urothelial cancer incidence were evaluated taking into consideration sex, age, and smoking habits.

Methods: The Japan Collaborative Cohort Study (JACC Study) was planned in the late 1980s as a large-scale cohort study surveying people comprehensively and detailing their lifestyles, and the study subjects were followed up until the end of 1997.

Spontaneous healing of chyle leakage after lymphangiography.

We report a 34-year-old man with the complication of chylous ascites after retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy that was refractory to various conservative therapies. Because surgical treatment for chylous ascites was considered, lymphangiography was performed to identify the area of leakage of chyle, after which the chylous ascites spontaneously healed.

Chiral aminonaphthol-catalyzed enantioselective carbonyl addition of diethylzinc to aromatic aldehydes high-throughput screened by CD-HPLC analysis.

Optically active aminonaphthols derivatives are obtained by condensation of 2-naphthol, substituted benzaldehyde, and (S)-methylbenzylamine under mild conditions, without side products. Their absolute configurations are determined by X-ray crystallographic analysis. The addition of diethylzinc to aromatic aldehydes is considerably accelerated by the presence of a catalytic amount of crystalline to give, after hydrolysis, the corresponding 1-phenylpropanol in good enantiomeric purity, as determined by CD-HPLC analysis as HTPS (high-throughput screening).

Application of dye-enhanced laser ablation for liver resection. Production of protein sealant on the cut surface of the liver by enhanced thermal energy of low power diode laser.

Background: Dye-enhanced laser ablation (DLA) using a low-power diode laser for indocyanine green (ICG)-stained tissue has proven its effectiveness in dye-enhanced laser photocoagulation of retinal vessels or endoscopic surgical mucosectomy. We have applied DLA in hepatectomy and described its histological distinction in comparison with the cavitron ultrasonic surgical aspirator (CUSA).

Methods: A diode laser (UDL-60 Laser unit, Olympus, Tokyo, Japan) with 810 +/- 20 nm wavelength was employed for this study.

MR imaging of multifocal autoimmune pancreatitis in the pancreatic head and tail: a case report.

Autoimmune pancreatitis, unlike alcoholic chronic pancreatitis, is a rare variant of pancreatitis. We describe the MR imaging findings in a 50-year-old man with multifocal autoimmune pancreatitis in the pancreatic head and tail. Our case demonstrates multifocal enlargement, diminished signal intensity on a T1-weighted image, and delayed enhancement with the capsule-like hypointense bands in a dynamic study.

Successful endoscopic hemostasis for gastric arterial bleeding due to invasion of malignant lymphoma.

A 75-year-old male with malignant lymphoma (ML) accompanied with gastric lesion was treated with combination chemotherapy. The patient produced tarry stool on the 4th d, and emergency gastroscopy showed arterial bleeding from the lesion. Hemostasis was achieved by injecting pure ethanol and using hemostatic clips.

Gabexate mesilate, a synthetic protease inhibitor, attenuates carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury in rats.

Background: Gabexate mesilate, a synthetic protease inhibitor, is used to treat acute pancreatitis and disseminated intravascular coagulation because it inhibits various serine proteases; however, whether gabexate mesilate prevents acute liver failure has not yet been studied. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of gabexate mesilate in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver injury in rats.

Methods: Acute hepatic failure was induced by administration of CCl4 intragastrically to male Sprague-Dawley rats.

Serum carotenoids and other antioxidative substances associated with urothelial cancer risk in a nested case-control study in Japanese men.

Purpose: We assayed whether high serum carotenoids and antioxidative substances decrease the risk of urothelial cancer in a case-control study nested in a community based cohort in Japan, that is the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study.

Materials And Methods: Information on subject life-styles and serum were collected in 1988 to 1990 and subjects were followed as late as 1999. Individuals who had or died of urothelial cancer and controls were matched for study area, sex and age.

Radical trifluoromethylation of titanium ate enolate.

The radical trifluoromethylation of ketone titanium ate enolates gave alpha-CF3 ketones in good yields. The use of excess amount of LDA and Ti(OiPr)4 in the preparation of titanium ate enolates is the key to the efficient radical trifluoromethylation. [reaction: see text]

[The second-line chemotherapy for urological cancers].

This review summarizes second-line chemotherapy for testicular cancer and urothelial cancer. For testicular cancer, the combination of bleomycin (BLM), etoposide (ETP), and cisplatin (CDDP) (BEP) is commonly used as an induction therapy. The combination of vinblastine (VLB), ifosfamide (IFM) and CDDP (VeIP) or ETP, IFM, and CDDP (VIP) is used for the second-line chemotherapy.

Radio-frequency ablation of renal cell carcinoma in patients who were at significant risk.

Objective: Although radio-frequency ablation (RFA) has been recently applied as a minimally invasive treatment option for renal cell carcinoma (RCC), indication of this modality remains a critical issue due to the lack of complete tumor destruction as well as the uncertainty of its long-term efficacy. We report the efficacy of RFA for nine carefully selected patients with RCC who had significant reason to avoid invasive surgical treatment under general anesthesia.

Methods: Radio-frequency ablation was performed under epidural or local anesthesia by ultrasound or computed tomography (CT) guidance in nine patients with biopsy proven RCC (mean diameter, 38 mm; range, 20-53 mm), who were at significant operative or anesthetic risk for invasive surgery.

Downregulation of Smac/DIABLO expression in renal cell carcinoma and its prognostic significance.

Purpose: Second mitochondria-derived activator of caspase/direct inhibitor of apoptosis-binding protein with low pI (Smac/DIABLO) was recently identified as a protein that is released from mitochondria in response to apoptotic stimuli and promotes apoptosis by antagonizing inhibitor of apoptosis proteins. Furthermore, Smac/DIABLO plays an important regulatory role in the sensitization of cancer cells to both immune- and drug-induced apoptosis. However, little is known about the clinical significance of Smac/DIABLO in various cancers, including renal cell carcinoma (RCC).

Dietary habits and risk of urothelial cancer death in a large-scale cohort study (JACC Study) in Japan.

In the present study, the associations of dietary habits with the risk of urothelial cancer death were evaluated taking into consideration sex, age, and smoking habits. The Japan Collaborative Cohort Study was established in 1988-1990 and consisted of 47,997 men and 66,520 women observed until the end of 1999. A self-administered food-frequency questionnaire was used as a baseline survey.

Mechanical stretch induces matrix metalloproteinase 1 production in human hepatic stellate cells.

In increasing portal blood flow, hepatic stellate cells (HSC) may be lengthened in response to mechanical stretch stimulation and their function may be changed. However, little is known about the influence of mechanical stretch on hepatic stellate cells. We examined production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMP), and extracellular matrix by hepatic stellate cells to investigate the relationship between mechanical stretch and hepatic fibrosis.

Direct generation of Ti-enolate of alpha-CF3 ketone: theoretical study and high-yielding and diastereoselective Aldol reaction.

Success in the direct generation of the Ti-enolate of alpha-CF3 ketone and its aldol reaction is reported. The importance of Ti-F interaction during the course of the reaction is also reported.