Anatomical variation is the norm: A novel curriculum framework.

Anatomical variation is an inherent part of every health curriculum, due in large to the negative clinical consequences that can ensue if anatomical variation is not thoroughly understood. However, current literature fails to describe any structured whole-of-course pedagogy for the teaching of anatomical variation in higher education. This study therefore aimed to (i) propose a whole-of-course curriculum framework to guide academic development and implementation of anatomical variation resources and assessment; and (ii) assess the depth of anatomical variation knowledge in a multiyear undergraduate health-science cohort (n = 152) at the Queensland University of Technology.

Identifying Calcaneal Anatomical Regions of Interest (ROI) for Quantitative Ultrasound Application in Subadults.

Whilst quantitative ultrasound can be reliably used to assess bone health in adults, the fixed location of the transducers in current devices may result in inaccurate and unreliable measurements in bone assessment in children due to the variation in foot size during growth. To improve positioning for paediatric assessment, Jaworski et al. (1995) created an anatomical method to identify the region of interest (ROI), however, there have been no medical imaging studies to confirm that the Jaworski method results in consistent placement of the transducer on the centre of the calcaneal body to avoid edge artefacts.

Quantifying the ossification and fusion of the calcaneal apophysis using computed tomography.

Knowledge of the anatomical development of the calcaneal apophysis is essential in clinical assessment and management of both paediatric and sub-adult patients presenting with heel pain. Despite this, the current understanding of calcaneal apophyseal development is constrained by the limitations of the imaging modalities used to examine the apophysis, with no current literature reporting the development of the medial and lateral processes. This study aimed to overcome these limitations by investigating the ossification and fusion of the calcaneal apophysis using three-dimensional computed tomography analysis, and statistically predicting the apophyseal developmental stage in contemporary Australian children.

Bayesian modeling predicts age and sex are not required for accurate stature estimation from femoral length.

Despite the recognized flaws in applying traditional stature estimation equations such as those of Trotter and Gleser (1952) [5] to a contemporary population, there are currently no available alternatives for stature estimation in Australia that address these limitations. Post mortem computed tomography (PMCT) DICOM scans of the left and right femora were acquired from 76 Australian deceased individuals aged 17-76 years for metric analysis. Femoral bicondylar length, femoral epicondylar breadth and anterior-posterior (AP) diameter, medial-lateral (ML) diameter, circumference and cortical area at the femoral midshaft were measured on three-dimensional (3D) models to build statistical models for estimating stature.

Standardized anthropological measurement of postcranial bones using three-dimensional models in CAD software.

This study introduces a standardized protocol for conducting linear measurements of postcranial skeletal elements using three-dimensional (3D) models constructed from post-mortem computed tomography (PMCT) scans. Using femoral DICOM datasets, reference planes were generated and plane-to-plane measurements were conducted on 3D surface rendered models. Bicondylar length, epicondylar breadth, anterior-posterior (AP) diameter, medial-lateral (ML) diameter and cortical area at the midshaft were measured by four observers to test the measurement error variance and observer agreement of the protocol (n=6).

Morphometric modelling of ageing in the human pubic symphysis: sexual dimorphism in an Australian population.

Despite the prominent use of the pubic symphysis for age estimation in forensic anthropology, little has been documented regarding the quantitative morphological and micro-architectural changes of this surface. Specifically, utilising post-mortem computed tomography data from a large, contemporary Australian adult population, this study aimed to evaluate sexual dimorphism in the morphology and bone composition of the symphyseal surface; and temporal characterisation of the pubic symphysis in individuals of advancing age. The sample consisted of multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) scans of the pubic symphysis (slice thickness: 0.