Statistics design for the synthesis optimization of lignin-sulfonate sulfur-doped mesoporous carbon materials: promising candidates as adsorbents and supercapacitors materials.

This study employed lignin-sulfonated (LS) to develop biobased carbon materials (LS-Cs) through a sulfur-doping approach to enhance their physicochemical properties, adsorption capabilities, and energy storage potentials. Various characterization techniques, including BET surface area analysis, SEM imaging, XPS, Raman spectroscopy, and elemental composition (CHNS), were employed to assess the quality of the LS-Cs adsorbent and electrode samples. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was utilized for optimizing the two main properties (specific surface area, A and mesopore area, A) by evaluating three independent factors (i.

Separate hydrolysis and fermentation of softwood bark pretreated with 2-naphthol by steam explosion.

Background: 2-Naphthol, a carbocation scavenger, is known to mitigate lignin condensation during the acidic processing of lignocellulosic biomass, which may benefit downstream processing of the resulting materials. Consequently, various raw materials have demonstrated improved enzymatic saccharification yields for substrates pretreated through autohydrolysis and dilute acid hydrolysis in the presence of 2-naphthol. However, 2-naphthol is toxic to ethanol-producing organisms, which may hinder its potential application.

Enhanced biobased carbon materials made from softwood bark via a steam explosion preprocessing step for reactive orange 16 dye adsorption.

The growing textile industry produces large volumes of hazardous wastewater containing dyes, which stresses the need for cheap, efficient adsorbing technologies. This study investigates a novel preprocessing method for producing activated carbons from abundantly available softwood bark. The preprocessing involved a continuous steam explosion preconditioning step, chemical activation with ZnCl, pyrolysis at 600 and 800 °C, and washing.

Morphology and phosphate distribution in bottom ash particles from fixed-bed co-combustion of sewage sludge and two agricultural residues.

The purpose of this study was to provide detailed knowledge of the morphological properties of ash particles, including the volumetric fractions and 3D distributions of phosphates that lay within them. The ash particles came from digested sewage sludge co-combusted with K- and Si-rich wheat straw or K-rich sunflower husks. X-ray micro-tomography were combined with elemental composition and crystalline phase information to analyse the ash particles in 3D.

Wood waste-based functionalized natural hydrochar for the effective removal of Ce(III) ions from aqueous solution.

In this study, a sustainable and easily prepared hydrochar from wood waste was studied to adsorb and recover the rare earth element cerium (Ce(III)) from an aqueous solution. The results revealed that the hydrochar contains several surface functional groups (e.g.

Sustainable Biomass-Derived Carbon Electrodes for Potassium and Aluminum Batteries: Conceptualizing the Key Parameters for Improved Performance.

The development of sustainable, safe, low-cost, high energy and density power-density energy storage devices is most needed to electrify our modern needs to reach a carbon-neutral society by ~2050. Batteries are the backbones of future sustainable energy sources for both stationary off-grid and mobile plug-in electric vehicle applications. Biomass-derived carbon materials are extensively researched as efficient and sustainable electrode/anode candidates for lithium/sodium-ion chemistries due to their well-developed tailored textures (closed pores and defects) and large microcrystalline interlayer spacing and therefore opens-up their potential applications in sustainable potassium and aluminum batteries.

Facile Synthesis of Sustainable Activated Biochars with Different Pore Structures as Efficient Additive-Carbon-Free Anodes for Lithium- and Sodium-Ion Batteries.

The present work elucidates facile one-pot synthesis from biomass forestry waste (Norway spruce bark) and its chemical activation yielding high specific surface area ( ) biochars as efficient lithium- and sodium-ion storage anodes. The chemically activated biochar using ZnCl (Biochar-1) produced a highly mesoporous carbon containing 96.1% mesopores in its structure as compared to only 56.

Preparation and Characterization of Pulp and Paper Mill Sludge-Activated Biochars Using Alkaline Activation: A Box-Behnken Design Approach.

This study utilized pulp and paper mill sludge as a carbon source to produce activated biochar adsorbents. The response surface methodology (RSM) application for predicting and optimizing the activated biochar preparation conditions was investigated. Biochars were prepared based on a Box-Behnken design (BBD) approach with three independent factors (i.

3-Aminopropyl-triethoxysilane-Functionalized Tannin-Rich Grape Biomass for the Adsorption of Methyl Orange Dye: Synthesis, Characterization, and the Adsorption Mechanism.

A biomass amino silica-functionalized material was successfully prepared by a simple sol-gel method. 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) was added to a tannin-rich grape residue to improve its physicochemical properties and enhance the adsorption performance. The APTES functionalization led to significant changes in the material's characteristics.

Facile Synthesis of Sustainable Biomass-Derived Porous Biochars as Promising Electrode Materials for High-Performance Supercapacitor Applications.

Preparing sustainable and highly efficient biochars as electrodes remains a challenge for building green energy storage devices. In this study, efficient carbon electrodes for supercapacitors were prepared via a facile and sustainable single-step pyrolysis method using spruce bark as a biomass precursor. Herein, biochars activated by KOH and ZnCl are explored as templates to be applied to prepare electrodes for supercapacitors.

Process Parameters Optimization, Characterization, and Application of KOH-Activated Norway Spruce Bark Graphitic Biochars for Efficient Azo Dye Adsorption.

In this work, Norway spruce bark was used as a precursor to prepare activated biochars (BCs) via chemical activation with potassium hydroxide (KOH) as a chemical activator. A Box-Behnken design (BBD) was conducted to evaluate and identify the optimal conditions to reach high specific surface area and high mass yield of BC samples. The studied BC preparation parameters and their levels were as follows: pyrolysis temperature (700, 800, and 900 °C), holding time (1, 2, and 3 h), and ratio of the biomass: chemical activator of 1: 1, 1.

Morphological characterisation of ash particles from co-combustion of sewage sludge and wheat straw with X-ray microtomography.

Combustion of phosphorus-rich residual streams can produce nutrient-rich ashes and these can be used either in further processing or as materials for direct nutrient recycling. The latter requires knowledge on morphological parameters of such ash particles that may impact plant growth, nutrient availability, and soil physical properties. The present work aims to determine the porosity, pore size, and specific surface area of ash particles, and discuss these properties in light of literature concerning interaction with soil water and plant roots.

A Short Review on the Electrochemical Performance of Hierarchical and Nitrogen-Doped Activated Biocarbon-Based Electrodes for Supercapacitors.

Cheap and efficient carbon electrodes (CEs) for energy storage systems (ESS) such as supercapacitors (SCs) and batteries are an increasing priority issue, among other things, due to a globally increasing share of intermittent electricity production (solar and wind) and electrification of transport. The increasing consumption of portable and non-portable electronic devices justifies research that enables environmentally and economically sustainable production (materials, processing techniques, and product design) of products with a high electrochemical performance at an acceptable cost. Among all the currently explored CEs materials, biomass-based activated carbons (AC) present enormous potential due to their availability and low-cost, easy processing methods, physicochemical stability, and methods for self-doping.

Sustainable Biomass Activated Carbons as Electrodes for Battery and Supercapacitors-A Mini-Review.

Some recent developments in the preparation of biomass carbon electrodes (CEs) using various biomass residues for application in energy storage devices, such as batteries and supercapacitors, are presented in this work. The application of biomass residues as the primary precursor for the production of CEs has been increasing over the last years due to it being a renewable source with comparably low processing cost, providing prerequisites for a process that is economically and technically sustainable. Electrochemical energy storage technology is key to the sustainable development of autonomous and wearable electronic devices.

High quality biofuel pellet production from pre-compacted low density raw materials.

In this study, pre-compaction was evaluated as a method to enhance stable reed canary grass pellet production. An experimental design of the factors raw material moisture content, steam addition, raw material bulk density, and die temperature was used to find production conditions for high quality pellets by multiple linear regression modelling of responses. Response variables being modelled were variability of pelletizer current (as a measurement of uneven production), pellet bulk density, and pellet durability.