Glycemic status and effect on mortality: Multifactorial prevention programme for cardiovascular disease in Finnish primary care.

Aims: To compare 13-year mortality rates in normoglycemic, prediabetic and diabetic subjects attending a community-based screening and intervention programme.

Methods: Population survey identified 2569 cardiovascular disease (CVD) white risk subjects aged 45-70 years and without manifested CVD or diabetes. Oral glucose tolerance test was performed, and multifactorial intervention was provided.

Interaction of maternal smoking and gestational diabetes mellitus on newborn head circumference and birthweight.

Introduction: Maternal smoking during pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have opposite effects on fetal growth during pregnancy. The aim of the study was to evaluate the interaction of smoking during pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus on head circumference and birthweight of newborns.

Material And Methods: The study included all primiparous women with singleton pregnancies (n = 290 602) without previously diagnosed diabetes or hypertension in Finland between 2006 and 2018.

Depressive symptoms and smoking: Effect on mortality in a primary care cohort.

Objective: Depressive symptoms have been suggested to increase mortality risk but causality remains unproven. Depressive symptoms increase likelihood of smoking which is thus a potential factor modifying the effect of depressive symptoms on mortality. This study aims to assess if the association of depressive symptoms and all-cause mortality is affected by smoking.

Multifactorial prevention program for cardiovascular disease in primary care: hypertension status and effect on mortality.

The aim of this study was to investigate if mortality during a 13-year follow-up varied between normotensive subjects, screen-detected hypertensive subjects, and subjects with antihypertensive medication at baseline. A population-based screening and intervention program identified 2659 apparently healthy, middle-aged cardiovascular-risk persons in southwestern Finland. Screen-detected hypertension was verified by home blood pressure measurements.

Five-to-Fifteen-Parental Perception of Developmental Profile from Age 5 to 8 Years in Children Born Very Preterm.

Children born very preterm have increased risk of developmental difficulties. We examined the parental perception of developmental profile of children born very preterm at 5 and 8 years by using the parental questionnaire Five-to-Fifteen (FTF) compared to full-term controls. We also studied the correlation between these age points.

Renal hyperfiltration revisited-Role of the individual body surface area on mortality.

Background: Higher than normal estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), i.e. renal hyperfiltration (RHF), has been associated with mortality.

Maternal smoking during pregnancy negatively affects brain volumes proportional to intracranial volume in adolescents born very preterm.

Background: Maternal smoking during pregnancy has been shown to associate with smaller frontal lobe and cerebellar volumes in brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at term age in very preterm infants. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of maternal smoking during pregnancy on volumetric brain MRI findings at 13 years. We hypothesized that adverse effects of smoking during pregnancy on brain volumes are still seen during adolescence.

Pre-pregnancy body surface area and risk for gestational diabetes mellitus.

Aims: To evaluate the effect of the pre-pregnancy body surface area (BSA) on the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

Methods: The study population consisted of all primiparous women with singleton pregnancies (n = 328,892) without previously diagnosed diabetes or chronic hypertension in Finland between 2006 and 2019. The information on GDM, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) results, and maternal backgrounds was derived from the Finnish Medical Birth Register.

New insights into smoking and urinary tract infections during pregnancy using pregnancy-pair design: A population-based register study.

Introduction: Pregnancy itself predisposes to urinary tract infections (UTI). There appears to be a higher prevalence of infections and genitourinary diseases among pregnant smokers than among non-smokers. The present study is a retrospective observational register study aiming to investigate whether maternal smoking is associated with the prevalence of UTIs during pregnancy by utilizing a pregnancy-pair analysis.

New theory about the pathophysiology of preeclampsia derived from the paradox of positive effects of maternal smoking.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate if maternal height affects the link between the inverse association on smoking during pregnancy and preeclampsia.

Study Design: The study population consisted of all women with singleton pregnancies (n = 803 698) in Finland during the years 2004-2018, excluding women with unknown smoking and diagnosis of prepregnancy chronic hypertension. Information on smoking and background factors were derived from the Finnish Medical Birth Register.

Design of a prospective follow-up study on early parenthood and smoking behaviour during pregnancy in Finnish primary healthcare.

The primary aim of the study is to explore different factors affecting parents' smoking behaviour, and especially how smoking may be connected with individual differences in the psychological process of becoming a parent. In the current paper, we present the study design together with basic information on the study population. The Central Satakunta Maternity and Child Health Clinic (KESALATU) Study is an ongoing prospective follow-up study in primary healthcare of the Satakunta region of southwest Finland.

The feasibility and outcome of a community-based primary prevention program for cardiovascular disease in the 21st century.

Objective: There is no evidence that systematic screening and risk factor modification in an unselected, asymptomatic population will reduce cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a primary care CVD prevention program on mortality during a 13-year follow-up.

Design: A risk factor survey was sent, followed by a nurse-led lifestyle counselling to respondents with at least one CVD risk factor, and a general practitioner's (GP) appointment for high-risk persons.

Special Issue on the Effects of Prenatal Smoking/Nicotine Exposure on the Child's Health.

Smoking increases the risk of negative pregnancy and perinatal outcomes and may have negative effects on a child's short and long-term health [...

Nicotine Replacement Therapy during Pregnancy and Child Health Outcomes: A Systematic Review.

Tobacco smoking in pregnancy is a worldwide public health problem. A majority of pregnant smokers need assistance to stop smoking. Most scientific societies recommend nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) during pregnancy but this recommendation remains controversial because of the known fetal toxicity of nicotine.

The Effect of Smoking during Pregnancy on Severity and Directionality of Externalizing and Internalizing Symptoms: A Genetically Informed Approach.

The objective was to examine the association between maternal smoking during pregnancy (SDP) and (I) severity and (II) directionality of externalizing and internalizing symptoms in a sample of sibling pairs while rigorously controlling for familial confounds. The Missouri Mothers and Their Children Study is a family study (N = 173 families) with sibling pairs (aged 7 to 16 years) who are discordant for exposure to SDP. This sibling comparison study is designed to disentangle the effects of SDP from familial confounds.

Disruptive Behavior in Siblings Discordant for Exposure to Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy: A Multi-rater Approach.

Introduction: Maternal smoking during pregnancy (SDP) is associated with disruptive behavior. However, there is debate whether the SDP-disruptive behavior association is a potentially causal pathway or rather a spurious effect confounded by shared genetic and environmental factors.

Aims And Methods: The Missouri Mothers and Their Children Study is a sibling comparison study that includes families (n = 173) selected for sibling pairs (aged 7-16 years) discordant for SDP.

Maternal Smoking and Hospital Treatment During Pregnancy.

Introduction: Previous research suggests that young maternal age, smoking, hospitalization during a previous pregnancy, and poor self-rated health could be risk factors for prenatal hospitalization.

Methods: The objective of this retrospective observational register study was to investigate if maternal smoking during pregnancy is associated with mother's need for hospital treatment during pregnancy. The study population consists of all singleton pregnancies (n = 961 127) in 1999-2015 in Finland.