Evaluation of the predictive value of CSF-restricted oligoclonal bands on residual disability and risk of relapse in adult patients with MOGAD: MOGADOC study.

Background: The clinical course of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) is variable. However, robust markers of poor outcome and/or relapse risk are still missing.

Objective: To evaluate the frequency of cerebrospinal fluid-restricted oligoclonal bands (CSF-OCB) in a national cohort of adult MOGAD patients and to assess their prognostic value for the risk of relapse and severity.

Analysis of healthcare utilization before the diagnosis of radiologically isolated syndrome.

Background: Previous studies have shown that people with multiple sclerosis (MS) had frequent healthcare visits up to 10 years before being diagnosed but with no information from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of the connection with the radiologically isolated syndrome (RIS).

Objective: To analyze healthcare use 3 years before the RIS diagnosis.

Methods: We examined healthcare usage before the first scan in RIS cases from 2010 to 2019.

Development of a new patient-reported outcome measure for patients with multiple sclerosis: the Multiple Sclerosis Autonomy Scale (MSAS).

Background: In multiple sclerosis (MS), the measure of the loss of autonomy appears to be particularly relevant to provide adapted and personalized responses to improve the quality of care in routine clinical practice. In this context, this research aimed to develop a new patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) evaluating MS patients' autonomy, in order to provide an easy-to-use tool in the context of the relations between healthcare professionals and patients with MS, and to be used in future clinical trials for treatment assessment.

Methods: This research was conducted in two consecutive stages.

Alexithymia in radiologically isolated syndrome.

Background: Alexithymia refers to difficulty identifying (DIF) and describing (DDF) feelings and externally oriented thinking (EOT). Its prevalence remains unknown in the radiologically isolated syndrome (RIS), the preclinical multiple sclerosis (MS) phase.

Methods: Alexithymia was measured with the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) in 29 RIS and age and gender-matched healthy controls and relapsing-remitting (RR) MS with an EDSS <3.

Early Disease-Modifying Treatments for Presymptomatic Multiple Sclerosis.

Radiologically isolated syndrome (RIS) is the earliest stage in the disease continuum of multiple sclerosis (MS). RIS is discovered incidentally in individuals who are asymptomatic but have typical lesions in the brain and/or spinal cord suggestive of demyelination. The 2009 and revised 2023 RIS criteria were developed for diagnosis.

Choroid plexus enlargement correlates with periventricular pathology but not with disease activity in radiologically isolated syndrome.

Background: Choroid plexus (ChP) enlargement is an emerging radiological biomarker in multiple sclerosis (MS).

Objectives: This study aims to assess ChP volume in a large cohort of patients with radiologically isolated syndrome (RIS) versus healthy controls (HC) and explore its relationship with other brain volumes, disease activity, and biological markers.

Methods: RIS individuals were included retrospectively and compared with HC.

Dental Adverse Effects of Anti-CD20 Therapies.

Introduction: Over the past few years, anti-CD20 therapies like rituximab, ocrelizumab or ofatumumab have seen an increase in interest in the treatment of neurological autoimmune disorders such as multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD), or resistant forms of generalized myasthenia gravis (MG). They are generally well-tolerated, but recent reports have highlighted severe dental disorders in patients undergoing anti-CD20 therapies. The aim was to describe a series of cases and to compare with the available scientific literature.

Cancer and multiple sclerosis: 2023 recommendations from the French Multiple Sclerosis Society.

Background: Epidemiological data reveal that 45% of persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) in France are more than 50 years. This population more than 50 is more susceptible to cancer, and this risk may be increased by frequent use of immunosuppressive drugs. Consequently, concerns have arisen about the potential increased risk of cancer in PwMS and how patients should be screened and managed in terms of cancer risk.

The diagnostic value of the central vein sign in radiologically isolated syndrome.

Objective: The radiologically isolated syndrome (RIS) represents the earliest detectable preclinical phase of multiple sclerosis (MS). Increasing evidence suggests that the central vein sign (CVS) enhances lesion specificity, allowing for greater MS diagnostic accuracy. This study evaluated the diagnostic performance of the CVS in RIS.

Kappa Free Light Chain Index Predicts Disease Course in Clinically and Radiologically Isolated Syndromes.

Background And Objectives: To evaluate whether the kappa free light chain index (K-index) can predict the occurrence of new T2-weighted MRI lesions (T2L) and clinical events in clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) and radiologically isolated syndrome (RIS).

Methods: All consecutive patients presenting for the diagnostic workup, including CSF analysis, of clinical and/or MRI suspicion of multiple sclerosis (MS) since May 1, 2018, were evaluated. All patients diagnosed with CIS and RIS with at least 1-year follow-up were included.

Teriflunomide and Time to Clinical Multiple Sclerosis in Patients With Radiologically Isolated Syndrome: The TERIS Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Radiologically isolated syndrome (RIS) represents the earliest detectable preclinical phase of multiple sclerosis (MS) punctuated by incidental magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) white matter anomalies within the central nervous system.

Objective: To determine the time to onset of symptoms consistent with MS.

Design, Setting, And Participants: From September 2017 to October 2022, this multicenter, double-blind, phase 3, randomized clinical trial investigated the efficacy of teriflunomide in delaying MS in individuals with RIS, with a 3-year follow-up.

Towards a more precise rating of neurological disability in multiple sclerosis: A new automatic and linear quantification of limbs function.

Introduction: The Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) is the gold standard for evaluating clinical disability in multiple sclerosis (MS) in daily practice. However, more precise clinical assessment tools are needed. We assessed a new, automated rating of the neurological examination obtained with a mobile application (Quantified Neurological Examination - QNE).

Impact of COVID-19 vaccination or infection on disease activity in a radiologically isolated syndrome cohort: The VaxiRIS study.

Background: Vaccination in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) treated with immunosuppressive drugs is highly recommended. Regarding COVID-19 vaccination, no specific concern has been raised.

Objectives: We aimed to evaluate if COVID-19 vaccination or infection increased the risk of disease activity, either radiological or clinical, with conversion to MS in a cohort of people with a radiologically isolated syndrome (RIS).

Rituximab De-escalation in Patients With Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder.

Background And Objectives: Exit strategies such as de-escalations have not been evaluated for rituximab in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). We hypothesized that they are associated with disease reactivations and aimed to estimate this risk.

Methods: We describe a case series of real-world de-escalations from the French NMOSD registry (NOMADMUS).

The radiologically isolated syndrome: revised diagnostic criteria.

The radiologically isolated syndrome (RIS) was defined in 2009 as the presence of asymptomatic, incidentally identified demyelinating-appearing white matter lesions in the CNS within individuals lacking symptoms typical of multiple sclerosis (MS). The RIS criteria have been validated and predict the transition to symptomatic MS reliably. The performance of RIS criteria that require fewer MRI lesions is unknown.

Real-World Effectiveness of Natalizumab Extended Interval Dosing in a French Cohort.

Introduction: Natalizumab, a therapy for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), is associated with a risk of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). Over the last several years, practitioners have used off-label extended interval dosing (EID) of natalizumab to reduce PML risk, despite the absence of a large-scale efficacy evaluation.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective, multicenter cohort study among adults with RRMS receiving stable standard interval dosing (SID), defined as a ≥ 12-month consecutive period of ≥ 11 natalizumab infusions/year in France.

Time to steroids impacts visual outcome of optic neuritis in MOGAD.

Background: To characterise the response to treatment of inaugural optic neuritis (ON) in patients with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD).

Methods: We searched the French MOGAD database for adults with inaugural ON with a detailed report of acute treatment modalities and measures of high-contrast best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at nadir and after 3 months. Predictors of visual outcomes were assessed by multivariable analysis.

Facial emotion impairment in multiple sclerosis is linked to modifying observation strategies of emotional faces.

Background: Facial emotion recognition (FER) may be impaired in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Nevertheless, the literature is heterogeneous, with studies not highlighting this kind of impairment. Moreover, most studies have not explored differences between MS spectrum disorders (radiologically isolated syndrome (RIS), clinically-isolated syndrome (CIS), relapsing-remitting (RRMS), and progressive (primary - (PPMS) and secondary - (SPMS)).

Pregnancy and post-partum in patients with myelin-oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease.

Background And Objective: Myelin-oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) frequently initiates during childbearing years. This study investigated the impact of pregnancy and post-partum on MOGAD activity.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of clinical and demographic data from a multicenter French cohort of adult patients with MOGAD.

Pregnancy and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders: 2022 recommendations from the French Multiple Sclerosis Society.

Background: In 2020, the French Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Society (SFSEP) decided to develop a national evidence-based consensus on pregnancy in MS. As neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) shares a series of commonalities with MS, but also some significant differences, specific recommendations had to be developed.

Objectives: To establish recommendations on pregnancy in women with NMOSD.

Pregnancy and multiple sclerosis: 2022 recommendations from the French multiple sclerosis society.

Objective: The objective of this study was to develop evidence-based recommendations on pregnancy management for persons with multiple sclerosis (MS).

Background: MS typically affects young women in their childbearing years. Increasing evidence is available to inform questions raised by MS patients and health professionals about pregnancy issues.