A 13-week subchronic toxicity study of hexyl acetate in SD rats.

Hexyl acetate (CAS No. 142-92-7) is a naturally occurring ester compound that has a fruity odor. Despite its frequent use as a nature-identical flavoring agent, there are limited repeated dose toxicity data for hexyl acetate.

Induction of a thoracolumbar supernumerary rib in rat developmental toxicity studies: A short discussion on the critical window.

Thoracolumbar supernumerary ribs (TSRs) are classified as less severe skeletal anomalies in rat developmental toxicity studies, although their incidence is relatively high in rodent studies. To investigate the characteristics of the critical window for chemically-induced TSR, in this study, rats were administered 5-fluorocytocine (5-FC) or sodium salicylate (SAL) at one of three time periods on gestational day (GD) 9, early morning (7:00 am), midday (12:00 pm to 1:00 pm), or late afternoon (4:00 pm or 7:00 pm). The incidence of TSR and other anomalies were assessed in GD20 fetuses.

Historical control data on developmental toxicity studies in rats.

Historical control data from prenatal developmental toxicity studies in rats have been used to evaluate whether toxicology outcomes were induced by exposure to a chemical or were within the range of spontaneous variation. These data are also important for monitoring animal characteristics. As a follow-up to historical control data from 1998 to 2010, this study analyzed control data from prenatal developmental studies performed in rats from 2011 to 2015.

Prenatal sodium arsenite affects early development of serotonergic neurons in the fetal rat brain.

Prenatal arsenite exposure has been associated with developmental disorders in children, including reduced IQ and language abnormalities. Animal experiments have also shown that exposure to arsenite during development induced developmental neurotoxicity after birth. However, the evidence is not enough, and the mechanism is poorly understood, especially on the exposure during early brain development.

Study for collecting background data on Wistar Hannover [Crl:WI(Han)] rats in embryo-fetal development studies--comparative data to Sprague Dawley rats.

The purpose of the present study was to collect the background data on Wistar Hannover [Crl:WI(Han)] (hereafter Wistar Han) rats in embryo-fetal development studies from the 6 safety research facilities of pharmaceutical companies and contract research organizations. In each facility, 20 or 22 female rats were dosed with vehicle solution during the organogenesis period. As a result, no abnormalities in clinical signs and necropsy findings in dams were found.

An antioxidant, N,N'-diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine (DPPD), affects labor and delivery in rats: a 28-day repeated dose test and reproduction/developmental toxicity test.

A 28-day repeated dose toxicity test and reproduction/developmental toxicity test for N,N'-diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine (DPPD) were conducted in [Crl:CD(SD)] SPF rats. Male and female rats were dosed with DPPD by gavage for 28 days at 0, 100, 300, or 1000 mg/kg bw/day or for a total of 42-46 days at 0, 8, 50, or 300 mg/kg bw/day. No significant adverse effects were observed in the repeated dose toxicity study up to 1000 mg/kg bw/day in both sexes.

Abnormal brain function of the rat neonate in a prenatal 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU)-induced developmental disorder model.

Neonatal brain function was investigated in a prenatal BrdU-induced developmental disorder model, which has been reported to exhibit behavioral abnormalities such as locomotor hyperactivity, impaired learning and memory, and lower anxiety in offspring. After 1h home cage deprivation we observed an increase in the number of c-Fos (neuronal activity marker) immunoreactive cells in several brain regions of the olfactory and stress-related areas in normal neonates at 11 days. Next, pregnant rats were exposed to 50mg/kg of BrdU from gestation days 9-15, and their offspring at 11 days were home-cage deprived.

Nasal instillation of nanoparticle-rich diesel exhaust particles slightly affects emotional behavior and learning capability in rats.

In the present study, in order to reveal novel adverse effects of ultrafine particles (UFP) on the central nervous system, the effects of nanoparticle-rich diesel exhaust particles (NRDEP; count mode diameter, 21.45 nm) on emotional behavior, learning capability and brain neurotransmitter levels were studied in rats by intranasal instillation (iNI). NRDEP (10 and 50 µg/rat) was instilled into 2-week old infant, male rats once a week for 4 weeks.