This narrative review paper highlights the multifaceted influence of dysbiotic biofilm, genetic background, host response, and environmental factors on periodontitis. It explores the roles of type I and II diabetes mellitus, gestational diabetes, and metabolic syndrome in the progression of periodontitis, drawing insights from various empirical studies and theoretical perspectives. : Relevant articles were sourced using keywords in databases like PubMed/Medline, Science Direct, Scopus, and Google Scholar.
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