Germ granule-mediated mRNA storage and translational control.

Germ cells depend on specialized post-transcriptional regulation for proper development and function, much of which is mediated by dynamic RNA granules. These membrane-less organelles form through the condensation of RNA and proteins, governed by multivalent biomolecular interactions. RNA granules compartmentalize cellular components, selectively enriching specific factors and modulating biochemical reactions.

SBP1 contributes to mesangial proliferation and inflammation through mitochondrial respiration in glomerulus during IgA nephropathy.

Mesangial expansion and proliferation have been implicated in the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy (IgAN). Mesangial cells in glomerulus are important contributors to commencement of IgAN. From minimal mesangial expansion to diffuse proliferation, the mesangial alteration is linked to clinical and pathological features of IgAN.

The impact of increasing ambient temperature on allergic rhinitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.

Introduction: Global warming appears to initiate and aggravate allergic respiratory conditions via interaction with numerous environmental factors. Temperature, commonly identified as a factor in climate change, is important in this process. Allergic rhinitis, a common respiratory allergy, is on the rise and affects approximately 500 million individuals worldwide.

Optimal age to discontinue long-term surveillance of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms: comparative cost-effectiveness of surveillance by age.

Objective: Current guidelines recommend long-term image-based surveillance for patients with low-risk intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs). This simulation study aimed to examine the comparative cost-effectiveness of continued versus discontinued surveillance at different ages and define the optimal age to stop surveillance.

Design: We constructed a Markov model with a lifetime horizon to simulate the clinical course of patients with IPMNs receiving imaging-based surveillance.

Physical Activity and Mammographic Density in Japanese Women.

Background: Dense breast is one of the strong risk factors for breast cancer among women. While it has been established that physical activity is associated with decreased risk for breast cancer, results have been inconsistent in terms of mammographic density. Thus, we examined physical activity in relation to mammographic density among Japanese women in Tokyo.

Mitochondrial nucleic acids in innate immunity and beyond.

Mitochondria participate in a wide range of cellular processes. One essential function of mitochondria is to be a platform for antiviral signaling proteins during the innate immune response to viral infection. Recently, studies have revealed that mitochondrion-derived DNAs and RNAs are recognized as non-self molecules and act as immunogenic ligands.

The microRNA-mediated gene regulatory network in the hippocampus and hypothalamus of the aging mouse.

Aging leads to time-dependent functional decline of all major organs. In particular, the aging brain is prone to cognitive decline and several neurodegenerative diseases. Various studies have attempted to understand the aging process and underlying molecular mechanisms by monitoring changes in gene expression in the aging mouse brain using high-throughput sequencing techniques.

A Novel Interaction between MFN2/Marf and MARK4/PAR-1 Is Implicated in Synaptic Defects and Mitochondrial Dysfunction.

As cellular energy powerhouses, mitochondria undergo constant fission and fusion to maintain functional homeostasis. The conserved dynamin-like GTPase, Mitofusin2 (MFN2)/mitochondrial assembly regulatory factor (Marf), plays a role in mitochondrial fusion, mutations of which are implicated in age-related human diseases, including several neurodegenerative disorders. However, the regulation of MFN2/Marf-mediated mitochondrial fusion, as well as the pathologic mechanism of neurodegeneration, is not clearly understood.

H19X-encoded microRNAs induced by IL-4 in adipocyte precursors regulate proliferation to facilitate differentiation.

Adipose tissue, an organ critical for systemic energy homeostasis, is influenced by type 2 immunity in its development and function. The type 2 cytokine interleukin (IL)-4 induces the proliferation of bipotential adipocyte precursors (APs) in white fat tissue and primes these cells for differentiation into beige adipocytes, which are specialized for thermogenesis. However, the underlying mechanisms have not yet been comprehensively examined.

Kruppel-like factor 8 regulates triple negative breast cancer stem cell-like activity.

Introduction: Breast tumor development is regulated by a sub-population of breast cancer cells, termed cancer stem-like cells (CSC), which are capable of self-renewing and differentiating, and are involved in promoting breast cancer invasion, metastasis, drug resistance and relapse. CSCs are highly adaptable, capable of reprogramming their own metabolism and signaling activity in response to stimuli within the tumor microenvironment. Recently, the nutrient sensor O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcylation was shown to be enriched in CSC populations, where it promotes the stemness and tumorigenesis of breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo.

Development of a Fast Onset Proton Pump Inhibitor: Comparison of Fixed-Dose Combination of Rabeprazole and Sodium Bicarbonate (YPI-011) to the Conventional Enteric-Coated Rabeprazole.

Purpose: Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are the first-line therapy for gastroesophageal reflux disorder (GERD). Unlike conventional PPIs, non-enteric coated PPIs with antacid salt enable a faster acid suppression through the rapid absorption of the PPI. YPI-011 is a newly developed fixed-dose combination of a rabeprazole with sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO).

In vivo profiling of the Zucchini proximal proteome in the Drosophila ovary.

PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are small RNAs that play a conserved role in genome defense. The piRNA processing pathway is dependent on the sequestration of RNA precursors and protein factors in specific subcellular compartments. Therefore, a highly resolved spatial proteomics approach can help identify the local interactions and elucidate the unknown aspects of piRNA biogenesis.

An association between mammographic breast density and fine particulate matter among postmenopausal women.

Increasing breast density is a risk factor for breast cancer. Geographic variations in breast density may be due to differences in lifestyle and diet, as well as environmental factors such as air pollution exposure. However, these environmental contributors have not been established.

Loss of RARRES1 function Promotes Follicular Lymphomagenesis and Inhibits B cell Differentiation in Mice.

Retinoic acid receptor responder 1 (RARRES1) is among the most commonly methylated loci in multiple cancers. RARRES1 regulates mitochondrial and fatty acid metabolism, stem cell differentiation, and survival of immortalized cell lines . Here, we created constitutive knockout () mouse models to study RARRES1 function .

ROS-induced PADI2 downregulation accelerates cellular senescence via the stimulation of SASP production and NFκB activation.

Cellular senescence is closely related to tissue aging including bone. Bone homeostasis is maintained by the tight balance between bone-forming osteoblasts and bone-resorbing osteoclasts, but it undergoes deregulation with age, causing age-associated osteoporosis, a main cause of which is osteoblast dysfunction. Oxidative stress caused by the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in bone tissues with aging can accelerate osteoblast senescence and dysfunction.

NOX2-Induced High Glycolytic Activity Contributes to the Gain of COL5A1-Mediated Mesenchymal Phenotype in GBM.

The alteration of the cellular metabolism is a hallmark of glioma. The high glycolytic phenotype is a critical factor in the pathogenesis of high-grade glioma, including glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). GBM has been stratified into three subtypes as the proneural, mesenchymal, and classical subtypes.

Correction: Tumor suppressor RARRES1 links tubulin deglutamylation to mitochondrial metabolism and cell survival.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26600.

Activation of FGFR2 Signaling Suppresses BRCA1 and Drives Triple-Negative Mammary Tumorigenesis That is Sensitive to Immunotherapy.

Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) is a membrane-spanning tyrosine kinase that mediates FGF signaling. Various FGFR2 alterations are detected in breast cancer, yet it remains unclear if activation of FGFR2 signaling initiates tumor formation. In an attempt to answer this question, a mouse model berrying an activation mutation of FGFR2 (FGFR2-S252W) in the mammary gland is generated.

PM and Diabetes in the Japanese Population.

Growing evidence suggests that PM is associated with diabetes mellitus (DM). Although DM is a major public health concern, there has not yet been a study of this association in Japan. We used health examination data from 66,885 individuals in Tokyo, Japan 2005-2019.

Photochemical oxidants and ambulance dispatches for asthmatic symptoms in Tokyo.

While photochemical oxidants (O = O+ NO) are known to increase asthma flare-ups, there is a paucity of studies of the Japanese population, especially for Tokyo residents. We used data on asthma cases (n = 7,455) from ambulance dispatches in Tokyo, 2015-2016. Variables included date and time of incidence, age, sex, occurrence location at the ward () level, and the symptom/cause of dispatch as recorded by paramedics.

miR-542-3p Contributes to the HK2-Mediated High Glycolytic Phenotype in Human Glioma Cells.

(1) Background: The elevation of glucose metabolism is linked to high-grade gliomas such as glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). The high glycolytic phenotype is associated with cellular proliferation and resistance to treatment with chemotherapeutic agents in GBM. MicroRNA-542-3p (miR-542-3p) has been implicated in several tumors including gliomas.

Effects of conditioned media from human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells in the skin immune response.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an inflammatory skin disease in which type 2 allergic inflammation plays a critical role. In this study, the anti-inflammatory effect of conditioned media from human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (USC-CM) was investigated in order to apply it as an effective treatment with a low risk of side effects that can overcome the limitations of AD treatment which is currently in use. We found that USC-CM has various growth factors and cytokines associated with anti-inflammatory effect.

Revision of 'golden hour' for hemodynamically unstable trauma patients: an analysis of nationwide hospital-based registry in Japan.

Background: The 'golden hour' is a well-known concept, suggesting that shortening time from injury to definitive care is critically important for better outcome of trauma patients. However, there was no established evidence to support it. We aimed to validate the association between time to definitive care and mortality in hemodynamically unstable patients for the current trauma care settings.

Development of Multiplexed Immuno-N-Terminomics to Reveal the Landscape of Proteolytic Processing in Early Embryogenesis of .

Protein expression levels are regulated through both translation and degradation mechanisms. Levels of degradation intermediates, that is, partially degraded proteins, cannot be distinguished from those of intact proteins by global proteomics analysis, which quantify total protein abundance levels. This study aimed to develop a tool for assessing the aspects of degradation regulation via proteolytic processing through a new multiplexed N-terminomics method involving selective isobaric labeling of protein N-termini and immunoaffinity capture of the labeled N-terminal peptides.