Disposable nanosensor for the electrochemical determination of the interaction between DNA, and a mycotoxin, patulin.

Silicon dioxide nanoparticles were synthesized and disposable screen-printed electrodes were modified with these nanoparticles to electrochemically detect the interaction between DNA and patulin, a mycotoxin. Firstly, the synthesized silicon dioxide nanoparticles were chemically characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). Microscopic characterization of the nanoparticles was performed by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX).

Electrochemical determination of anticancer drug Bendamustine and its interaction with double strand DNA in the absence and presence of quercetin.

Studies based on drug-DNA interactions, especially anticancer drug-DNA interactions, are of great importance for the method development. It is thought that single-use electrodes, which give fast, cheap and reproducible results, will make a great contribution to the chip technology for the development of individual patient analysis in the future. It is known that antioxidants reduce carcinogenesis caused by oxidative stress with their radical scavenging effects.

Electrochemical monitoring of the interaction between anticancer drug and DNA in the presence of antioxidant.

The aim of this work is to find out the effect of antioxidant onto the interaction of DNA-anticancer drug, daunorubicin. Daunorubicin (DNR) is an anti-cancer drug which is used for the treatment of certain cancers including the treatment of leukemia. The treatments of patients, who suffer from cancer, become generally complicated if they take some antioxidant-containing supplement during chemotherapy.

Chitosan-graphene oxide based aptasensor for the impedimetric detection of lysozyme.

An impedimetric detection of lysozyme (LYS) was performed for the first time in this study at the surface of chitosan-graphene oxide (CHIT-GO) modified sensor based on the specific interaction process between DNA aptamer and its cognate protein, LYS. The amino linked DNA aptamer (APT) was covalently immobilized without using any chemical agents onto the surface of pencil graphite electrode (PGE). These PGEs are inexpensive and simple to use, and thus, they can be furtherly developed for a single-use application in a portable protein chip device.

Chitosan-ionic liquid modified single-use sensor for electrochemical monitoring of sequence-selective DNA hybridization.

Chitosan-(CHIT) and ionic liquid- (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (IL)) modified single-use graphite electrodes (PGEs) were developed for the first time in the present study for the enhanced monitoring of DNA, and also for sequence-selective DNA hybridization by measuring the guanine oxidation signal. The electrochemical behaviour of the CHIT-IL modified electrodes was first investigated (with unmodified electrodes as controls) using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). Sequence-selective DNA hybridization related to Hepatitis B virus (HBV) was also evaluated in the case of hybridization between amino-linked HBV probe and its complementary (target), a noncomplementary (NC) sequence, single base mismatch (MM), and also in the medium of target/mismatch (MM) mixtures (1:1).

Electrochemical polymerized 5-amino-2-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole modified single use sensors for detection of quercetin.

In this study, electrochemical polymerized 5-amino-2-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole (poly-AMT)-modified single-use graphite electrodes were fabricated for electrochemical monitoring of bisflavonoid, quercetin. The surfaces of p-AMT modified pencil graphite electrodes (PGEs) were firstly characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis. The conditions for electrochemical polymerization by using cyclic voltammetry (CV), such as scan rate and different potential cycles were optimized.

Electrochemical monitoring of indicator-free DNA hybridization by carbon nanotubes-chitosan modified disposable graphite sensors.

Single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT)-chitosan (CHIT) modified pencil graphite electrodes (PGEs) were developed for monitoring of DNA hybridization. SWCNT-chitosan modified PGE (CNT-CHIT-PGE), Chitosan modified PGE (CHIT-PGE) and unmodified PGE (bare-PGE) were firstly characterized by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and their electrochemical behaviors were investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The concentrations of CHIT, carbon nanotube (CNT) and also amino linked DNA probe etc.

Graphene oxide integrated sensor for electrochemical monitoring of mitomycin C-DNA interaction.

We present a graphene oxide (GO) integrated disposable electrochemical sensor for the enhanced detection of nucleic acids and the sensitive monitoring of the surface-confined interactions between the anticancer drug mitomycin C (MC) and DNA. Interfacial interactions between immobilized calf thymus double-stranded (dsDNA) and anticancer drug MC were investigated using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. Based on three repetitive voltammetric measurements of 120 μg mL(-1) DNA immobilized on GO-modified electrodes, the RSD % (n = 3) was calculated as 10.

5-amino-2-mercapto-1,3,4-thidiazole modified single-use sensors for electrochemical DNA analysis.

In this study, single-use graphite electrodes modified with 5-amino-2-mercapto-1,3,4-thidiazole (AMT) were fabricated for electrochemical monitoring of DNA. The surfaces of AMT modified pencil graphite electrodes (PGEs) were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Electrochemical behaviors of these electrodes were investigated using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS).

Single-walled carbon nanotubes-polymer modified graphite electrodes for DNA hybridization.

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT)-poly(vinylferrocenium) (PVF(+)) modified pencil graphite electrodes (PGEs) were developed in our study for the electrochemical monitoring of a sequence-selective DNA hybridization event. Firstly, SWCNT-PVF(+) modified PGE, PVF(+) modified PGE and unmodified PGE were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The electrochemical behavior of these electrodes was then investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV).

Preparation and characterization of zinc oxide nanoparticles and their sensor applications for electrochemical monitoring of nucleic acid hybridization.

In this study, ZnO nanoparticles (ZNP) of approximately 30 nm in size were synthesized by the hydrothermal method and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Braun-Emmet-Teller (BET) N2 adsorption analysis and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). ZnO nanoparticles enriched with poly(vinylferrocenium) (PVF+) modified single-use graphite electrodes were then developed for the electrochemical monitoring of nucleic acid hybridization related to the Hepatitis B Virus (HBV). Firstly, the surfaces of polymer modified and polymer-ZnO nanoparticle modified single-use pencil graphite electrodes (PGEs) were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Electrochemical behaviour of carbon paste electrodes enriched with tin oxide nanoparticles using voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.

The effect of the SnO(2) nanoparticles (SNPs) on the behaviour of voltammetric carbon paste electrodes were studied for possible use of this material in biosensor development. The electrochemical behaviour of SNP modified carbon paste electrodes (CPE) was first investigated by using cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. The performance of the SNP modified electrodes were compared to those of unmodified ones and the parameters affecting the response of the modified electrode were optimized.

Tin oxide nanoparticles-polymer modified single-use sensors for electrochemical monitoring of label-free DNA hybridization.

In this study, SnO(2) nanoparticles (SNPs)-poly(vinylferrocenium) (PVF(+)) modified single-use graphite electrodes were developed for electrochemical monitoring of DNA hybridization. The surfaces of polymer modified and polymer-SNP modified pencil graphite electrodes (PGEs) were firstly characterized by using SEM analysis. The electrochemical behaviours of these electrodes were also investigated using the differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques.