Bronchial epithelial cells release inflammatory markers linked to airway inflammation and remodeling in response to TLR5 ligand flagellin.

Background/aims: Flagellin, which is abundant in gram-negative bacteria, including , is reported to influence on inflammatory responses in various lung diseases. However, its effect on airway epithelial cells in contribution to asthma pathogenesis is not elucidated yet. We aimed to investigate the effect of TLR5 ligand flagellin on the transcriptomic profile of primary human epithelial cells and to determine the markers of airway inflammation.

Cytokine Inductions and Intracellular Signal Profiles by Stimulation of dsRNA and SEB in the Macrophages and Epithelial Cells.

Foreign molecules, including viruses and bacteria-derived toxins, can also induce airway inflammation. However, to the best of our knowledge, the roles of these molecules in the development of airway inflammation have not been fully elucidated. Herein, we investigated the precise role and synergistic effect of virus-mimicking double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) in macrophages and epithelial cells.