Analysis of Calcaneal Avulsion Fractures Treated Surgically and Nonsurgically: A Retrospective Multicenter Study.

Background: Calcaneal avulsion fractures (CAvFs) at the Achilles tendon insertion are among the more challenging fractures to treat. Although rare, they often require reoperation. The optimal treatment, including nonsurgical procedures and better implants for surgical procedures in the treatment of CAvFs, remains to be established.

Does Preoperative Manual Reduction (Omoto Technique) Affect Surgical Outcomes for Calcaneal Fractures? A Multicenter (TRON Group) Retrospective Study.

The Omoto technique is a well-known method that is commonly used for noninvasive manual repair of calcaneal fractures. However, there have been no detailed studies on its clinical outcomes in preoperative closed reduction for surgical cases. This multicenter retrospective study aimed to compare the clinical and radiographic outcomes of calcaneal fractures treated with and without the preoperative Omoto technique, assessing its effectiveness.

Association of depression and smoking cessation: outcomes of an 18-year retrospective cohort study.

Background: Depression is frequently associated with unsuccessful smoking cessation.

Objective: In this study, we investigated the impact of depression history on smoking cessation success in a clinical setting.

Methods: This retrospective study included 726 patients who visited our smoking cessation clinic between January 1, 2001, and December 31, 2018.

Minor Suture Fusion is Associated With Chiari Malformation in Nonsyndromic Craniosynostosis.

Here, we focused on the association between minor suture fusion and Chiari malformation (CM) occurrence in nonsyndromic craniosynostosis (NSC), and evaluated how the minor suture affects the posterior cranial fossa by measuring the posterior fossa deflection angle (PFA). In this retrospective study, the clinical records of 137 patients who underwent surgery for NSC at Aichi Children's Health and Medical Center between April 2010 and May 2022 were analyzed. Clinical data from Aichi Developmental Disability Center Central Hospital was collected for 23 patients as the external validation set.

Ruptured Middle Cerebral Artery Aneurysm in an Infant: Case Report and Literature Review.

Intracranial aneurysms (IA) in infants are reportedly rare at 0.5% to 4.5% of all aneurysms.

Correlations of intracranial pathology and cause of head injury with retinal hemorrhage in infants and toddlers: A multicenter, retrospective study by the J-HITs (Japanese Head injury of Infants and Toddlers study) group.

Introduction: In infants who have suffered head trauma there are two possible explanations for retinal hemorrhage (RH): direct vitreous shaking and occurrence in association with intracranial lesions. Which possibility is more plausible was examined.

Material And Methods: This multicenter, retrospective study reviewed the clinical records of children younger than four years with head trauma who had been diagnosed with any findings on head computed tomography (CT) and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

IL-17A expression by both T cells and non-T cells contribute to HSV-IL-2-induced CNS demyelination.

Previously we reported that a recombinant HSV-1 expressing murine IL-2 (HSV-IL-2) causes CNS demyelination in different strains of mice and in a T cell-dependent manner. Since T17 cells have been implicated in CNS pathology, in the present study, we looked into the effects of IL-17A and three of its receptors on HSV-IL-2-induced CNS demyelination. IL-17A mice did not develop CNS demyelination, while IL-17RA, IL-17RC, IL-17RD and IL-17RARC mice developed CNS demyelination.

[VP Shunts:Do's and Don'ts in Case of Shunt Failure].

Hydrocephalus is a relatively common pediatric neurosurgical disease. Although congenital hydrocephalous is the most common cause, cerebral bleeding, infection of the central nervous system or brain tumors can also cause hydrocephalous in children. As timing of initial treatment varies depending on the cause of hydrocephalous, customized therapeutic strategy should be considered on a case-by-case basis to cope with growth and development.

Unexplained mechanism of subdural hematoma with convulsion suggests nonaccidental head trauma: A multicenter, retrospective study by the Japanese Head injury of Infants and Toddlers study (J-HITs) group.

Objective: The medical history of injury given by parents of infants and toddlers with head trauma may not be accurate or completely true. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between subdural hematoma (SDH) due to nonaccidental injury and mechanisms of injury provided by caregivers.

Methods: Our multicenter study group retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of children younger than 4 years with head trauma who have been diagnosed with any finding on head computed tomography (CT) and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Infantile subdural hematoma in Japan: A multicenter, retrospective study by the J-HITs (Japanese head injury of infants and toddlers study) group.

Objective: Subdural hematoma in infants or toddlers has often been linked to abuse, but it is not clear how many cases actually occur and how many are suspected of abuse. The purpose of this study was to investigate subdural hematoma in infants and toddlers in Japan.

Methods: This multicenter, retrospective study reviewed the clinical records of children younger than 4 years with head trauma who were diagnosed with any finding on head computed tomography (CT) and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), such as skull fracture and/or intracranial injury.

Protocol for a mouse CNS demyelination model induced by a combination of HSV-1 and IL-2.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. Although viruses have been suggested to be a contributing environmental factor, conventional experimental MS mouse models do not account for this aspect. Here, we describe a mouse model to induce and evaluate demyelinating disease with both a viral and an immune component via ocular infection with a recombinant herpes simplex virus expressing murine interleukin-2.

Extrasynaptic acetylcholine signaling through a muscarinic receptor regulates cell migration.

Acetylcholine (ACh) promotes various cell migrations in vitro, but there are few investigations into this nonsynaptic role of ACh signaling in vivo. Here we investigate the function of a muscarinic receptor on an epithelial cell migration in We show that the migratory gonad leader cell, the linker cell (LC), uses an M1/M3/M5-like muscarinic ACh receptor GAR-3 to receive extrasynaptic ACh signaling from cholinergic neurons for its migration. Either the loss of the GAR-3 receptor in the LC or the inhibition of ACh release from cholinergic neurons resulted in migratory path defects.

Residual Analysis of Aflatoxins in Spice by HPLC Coupled with Solid-Phase Dispersive Extraction and Solid-Phase Fluorescence Derivatization Method.

Background: Aflatoxins (AFs) are carcinogenic mycotoxins. A simple, quick, and accurate method for the micro-analysis of AFs in foodstuffs, especially spices, is needed.

Objective: A sophisticated pretreatment method that combines solid-phase dispersive extraction (SPDE) and solid-phase fluorescence derivatization using immunoaffinity (IA) gel as the solid phase was developed to analyze AFs in spices simply, quickly, and sensitively by liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection.

Impact of a Demyelination-Inducing Central Nervous System Virus on Expression of Demyelination Genes in Type 2 Lymphoid Cells.

We recently reported the role of type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) in central nervous system (CNS) demyelination using a model of CNS demyelination involving recombinant herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) that constitutively expresses mouse interleukin 2 (HSV-IL-2). In this investigation, we studied how ILC2s respond to HSV-IL-2 at the cellular level using cytokine and gene expression profiling. ILC2s infected with HSV-IL-2 expressed higher levels of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), IL-5, IL-6, IL-13, IP-10, MIP-2, and RANTES, which include proinflammatory cytokines, than did those infected with parental control virus.

Type 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells Induce CNS Demyelination in an HSV-IL-2 Mouse Model of Multiple Sclerosis.

We previously reported that infection of different mouse strains with a recombinant HSV-1 expressing IL-2 (HSV-IL-2) caused CNS demyelination. Histologic examination of infected IL-2rα, IL-2rβ, and IL-2rγ mice showed demyelination in the CNS of IL-2rα and IL-2rβ mice but not in the CNS of IL-2rγ-infected mice. No demyelination was detected in mice infected with control virus.

Autism-associated missense genetic variants impact locomotion and neurodevelopment in Caenorhabditis elegans.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) involves thousands of alleles in over 850 genes, but the current functional inference tools are not sufficient to predict phenotypic changes. As a result, the causal relationship of most of these genetic variants in the pathogenesis of ASD has not yet been demonstrated and an experimental method prioritizing missense alleles for further intensive analysis is crucial. For this purpose, we have designed a pipeline that uses Caenorhabditis elegans as a genetic model to screen for phenotype-changing missense alleles inferred from human ASD studies.

The "steppingstone" phenomenon: a new endoscopic finding in slit-ventricle syndrome.

Slit-ventricle syndrome (SVS) seems to encompass various pathophysiological abnormalities, including overdrainage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and craniocerebral disproportion after extracranial CSF shunt placement. These pathologies result in small ventricle morphologically, and the ventricular catheter is obstructed by the collapsed ventricular walls. Patients with intermittent headaches, small ventricles on neuroimaging, and slow refill of the shunt reservoir are diagnosed with SVS.

Mapping a multiplexed zoo of mRNA expression.

In situ hybridization methods are used across the biological sciences to map mRNA expression within intact specimens. Multiplexed experiments, in which multiple target mRNAs are mapped in a single sample, are essential for studying regulatory interactions, but remain cumbersome in most model organisms. Programmable in situ amplifiers based on the mechanism of hybridization chain reaction (HCR) overcome this longstanding challenge by operating independently within a sample, enabling multiplexed experiments to be performed with an experimental timeline independent of the number of target mRNAs.

Lateral temporal encephaloceles: case-based review.

Purpose: Lateral temporal encephalocele is an extremely rare clinical condition, with only 18 cases presented in the literature to date. No review articles have examined lateral temporal encephalocele in depth. We therefore reviewed past cases of lateral encephalocele to clarify the clinical characteristics of this extremely rare deformity.

Genetically Encoded Spy Peptide Fusion System to Detect Plasma Membrane-Localized Proteins In Vivo.

Membrane proteins are the main gatekeepers of cellular state, especially in neurons, serving either to maintain homeostasis or instruct response to synaptic input or other external signals. Visualization of membrane protein localization and trafficking in live cells facilitates understanding the molecular basis of cellular dynamics. We describe here a method for specifically labeling the plasma membrane-localized fraction of heterologous membrane protein expression using channelrhodopsins as a case study.

The usage of the three-dimension distractor in the NAVID system for plagiocephaly-three case reports.

Background: Distraction osteogenesis is a standard method for craniosynostosis. However, the technique using conventional devices still has some disadvantages, especially for anterior or posterior plagiocephaly with complex deformities. In the Nakajima's angle-variable internal distraction (NAVID) system originally for maxillary surgeries, the cranial three-dimension (D) distractor with three dimensionally movable joint at the anterior arm has been developed recently in order to prevent the interference in the distraction process and excessive force.