Correlation Between Dietary Nutrition and Glymphatic System Activity in Healthy Participants.

Background Dietary nutrition is an important approach to the prevention and treatment of the physical and mental states of humans. Nowadays, many studies show the neuroprotective and antioxidative effects of nutrients, such as B vitamins, zinc, and iron, on the central nervous system (CNS). However, there were no studies focusing on the relationships between the serum concentration of nutrients and the brain glymphatic system activity and macroscopic waste clearance system, including reactive oxygen species.

Long-Term Multimodal Exercise Intervention for Patients with Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration: Feasibility and Preliminary Outcomes.

Introduction: After Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) is the second most common form of early-onset dementia. Despite the heavy burden of care for FTLD, pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments with sufficient efficacy remain scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of a multimodal exercise program for FTLD and to examine preliminary changes in the clinical outcomes of the program in FTLD.

Emotional Response to Various Exercise Types in Patients With Mental Disorders.

Objectives This study examined the relationship between different types of exercise bouts and emotional responses in patients with mental disorders. Methods This study utilized an acute pre-/post-interventional design. Patients participated in six types of exercises: yoga, strength training, dual-task exercises, aerobic exercises, multicomponent exercises, and dance.

Possible association of elevated CSF IL-6 levels with anxiety and frustration in psychiatric disorders.

Aim: Neuroinflammation is an important causal factor for a variety of psychiatric disorders. We previously reported increased cerebrospinal fluid interleukin-6 levels in patients with schizophrenia and major depressive disorder. The present study aimed to examine the possible association of interleukin-6 levels with anxiety and frustration, negative valence symptoms shared in various psychiatric disorders.

Relationships between neuroimaging biomarkers and glymphatic-system activity in dementia with Lewy bodies.

Alpha-synuclein deposits in the brain have been suspected to cause Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). It was recently revealed that the glymphatic system is largely responsible for the removal of alpha-synuclein. We investigated changes in the glymphatic system's activity by determining the DTI‑ALPS (diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space) index in DLB patients.

Effect of matcha green tea on cognitive functions and sleep quality in older adults with cognitive decline: A randomized controlled study over 12 months.

Objective: Lifestyle habits after middle age significantly impact the maintenance of cognitive function in older adults. Nutritional intake is closely related to lifestyle habits; therefore, nutrition is a pivotal factor in the prevention of dementia in the preclinical stages. Matcha green tea powder (matcha), which contains epigallocatechin gallate, theanine, and caffeine, has beneficial effects on cognitive function and mood.

Correlation between myelin basic protein levels in cerebrospinal fluid and motor speed in patients with schizophrenia.

Alterations in the white matter have been implicated in schizophrenia. Myelin basic protein (MBP), a component of the myelin sheath, in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has been suggested as a biomarker for white matter damage in demyelinating diseases. This prompted us to examine the CSF-MBP levels in patients with schizophrenia.

Common Relationship Between Causality Orientation and the Prefrontal Region in Psychiatric Disorders as Revealed by Diffusional Kurtosis Imaging.

Background Motivation dysregulation is common in several psychiatric disorders. However, little is known about the relationships between motivation and the regional brain areas involved. We evaluated the relationships between brain microstructural features and causality orientation in patients with schizophrenia, major depressive disorder (MDD), and bipolar disorder (BD) using diffusional kurtosis imaging (DKI) techniques.

Multimodal imaging analyses in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder with or without visual disturbance.

Background And Purpose: Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder is a demyelinating and inflammatory affliction that often leads to visual disturbance. Various imaging techniques, including free-water imaging, have been used to determine neuroinflammation and degeneration. Therefore, this study aimed at determining multimodal imaging differences between patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, especially those with visual disturbance, and healthy controls.

Comparison of Depressive Symptoms between International and Domestic Students in a Japanese University: Pre- and Post-COVID-19 Pandemic.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic led to significant lifestyle changes and uncertainties, triggering a secondary wave of mental health issues in society. University students are especially susceptible to mental disorders. International students are considered more vulnerable due to limited emotional and financial support from their families and difficulties accessing community support.

Assessment of Gray Matter Microstructural Alterations in Alzheimer's Disease by Free Water Imaging.

Background: Cortical neurodegenerative processes may precede the emergence of disease symptoms in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) by many years. No study has evaluated the free water of patients with AD using gray matter-based spatial statistics.

Objective: The aim of this study was to explore cortical microstructural changes within the gray matter in AD by using free water imaging with gray matter-based spatial statistics.

Vocal expression of emotions discriminates dementia with Lewy bodies from Alzheimer's disease.

Unlabelled: Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Alzheimer's disease (AD), the two most common neurodegenerative dementias, both exhibit altered emotional processing. However, how vocal emotional expressions alter in and differ between DLB and AD remains uninvestigated. We collected voice data during story reading from 152 older adults comprising DLB, AD, and cognitively unimpaired (CU) groups and compared their emotional prosody in terms of valence and arousal dimensions.

Distinct eye movement patterns to complex scenes in Alzheimer's disease and Lewy body disease.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Lewy body disease (LBD), the two most common causes of neurodegenerative dementia with similar clinical manifestations, both show impaired visual attention and altered eye movements. However, prior studies have used structured tasks or restricted stimuli, limiting the insights into how eye movements alter and differ between AD and LBD in daily life.

Objective: We aimed to comprehensively characterize eye movements of AD and LBD patients on naturalistic complex scenes with broad categories of objects, which would provide a context closer to real-world free viewing, and to identify disease-specific patterns of altered eye movements.

Glymphatic System Activity and Brain Morphology in Patients With Psychogenic Non-epileptic Seizures.

Background: To clarify the neural correlates underlying psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES), we compared glymphatic system activity between patients with PNES and healthy participants using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)-analysis along the perivascular space (ALPS) method.

Methods: The DTI scans were acquired from 16 patients with PNES and 25 healthy participants. We computed the DTI-ALPS index as an index of glymphatic system function and estimated the disease-related changes in the DTI-ALPS index and brain structures in PNES patients.

Brain Abnormalities in Becker Muscular Dystrophy: Evaluation by Voxel-Based DTI and Morphometric Analysis.

Background And Purpose: Although various neuropsychological problems in Becker muscular dystrophy have attracted attention, there have been few related neuroimaging studies. We investigated brain abnormalities in patients with Becker muscular dystrophy using 3D T1WI and DTI.

Materials And Methods: MR images were obtained for 30 male patients and 30 age-matched healthy male controls.

Relationship between the tau protein and choroid plexus volume in Alzheimer's disease.

Tau protein accumulation in the brain is thought to be one of the causes of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recent studies found that the choroid plexus (CP) has a role in β-amyloid and tau protein clearance in the brain. We evaluated the relationships between CP volume and the ß-amyloid and tau protein depositions.

Free-water-corrected diffusion and adrenergic/muscarinic antibodies in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome.

Background And Purpose: Free-water-corrected diffusion tensor imaging (FW-DTI), a new analysis method for diffusion MRI, can indicate neuroinflammation and degeneration. There is increasing evidence of autoimmune etiology in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). We used FW-DTI and conventional DTI to investigate microstructural brain changes related to autoantibody titers in patients with ME/CFS.

Age and Sex-Related Effects on Single-Subject Gray Matter Networks in Healthy Participants.

Recent developments in image analysis have enabled an individual's brain network to be evaluated and brain age to be predicted from gray matter images. Our study aimed to investigate the effects of age and sex on single-subject gray matter networks using a large sample of healthy participants. We recruited 812 healthy individuals (59.

Correlation between the regional brain volume and glymphatic system activity in progressive supranuclear palsy.

Introduction: Tau protein accumulation in the brain is thought to be one of the causes of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). The glymphatic system was discovered a decade ago as a waste drainage system in the brain that promotes the elimination of amyloid-beta and tau protein. We here evaluated the relationships between glymphatic system activity and regional brain volumes in PSP patients.

Variability and magnitude of brain glutamate levels in schizophrenia: a meta and mega-analysis.

Glutamatergic dysfunction is implicated in schizophrenia pathoaetiology, but this may vary in extent between patients. It is unclear whether inter-individual variability in glutamate is greater in schizophrenia than the general population. We conducted meta-analyses to assess (1) variability of glutamate measures in patients relative to controls (log coefficient of variation ratio: CVR); (2) standardised mean differences (SMD) using Hedges g; (3) modal distribution of individual-level glutamate data (Hartigan's unimodality dip test).

Relationship between hippocampal subfields volume and balance function in healthy older adults.

Background: The volume of the hippocampus and its subfields is known to be affected by aging, disease, and physical training. In regard to training, the differential effects of aerobic exercise and dance training on the subfield volume suggest that balance function may be involved. However, the relationship between balance function and the volume of the hippocampus and its subfields remains unclear.

Screening of Mild Cognitive Impairment Through Conversations With Humanoid Robots: Exploratory Pilot Study.

Background: The rising number of patients with dementia has become a serious social problem worldwide. To help detect dementia at an early stage, many studies have been conducted to detect signs of cognitive decline by prosodic and acoustic features. However, many of these methods are not suitable for everyday use as they focus on cognitive function or conversational speech during the examinations.

Association between the Pittsburgh sleep quality index and white matter integrity in healthy adults: a whole-brain magnetic resonance imaging study.

Unlabelled: To disclose possible associations between poorer sleep quality and structural brain alterations in a non-psychiatric healthy population, this study investigated the association between the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) and brain correlates, using a whole-brain approach. This study included 371 right-handed healthy adults (138 males, mean age: 46.4 ± 14.