Deglutition dynamics of patients with obstructive sleep apnea.

Objectives: In the present study, we performed a detailed analysis of deglutitive dynamics during sleep in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) using a methodology developed by Sato et al. We hypothesized that the frequency of deglutition would decrease with increasing severity of OSA. The aim of this study is to clarify the involvement of deglutitive dynamics during sleep in OSA by investigating the correlations between deglutition and sleep parameters.

Prevalence and outcome of pre-onset frailty in patients with acute stroke.

Background: Frailty in older individuals is an underappreciated condition that affects the incidence and/or prognosis of stroke.

Objectives: We evaluated the prevalence of pre-onset frailty in patients with acute first-onset and recurrent strokes and association between pre-onset frailty and functional disability at hospital discharge.

Methods: This prospective cohort study included 210 acute stroke patients admitted to the Stroke Unit of Nippon Medical School Hospital during November 2021-June 2022.

[Rehabilitation Therapy for Acute Brain Disease].

Early mobilization and rehabilitation therapy are becoming more critical in acute stroke, traumatic brain injury, and neurological disorder. Better functional prognosis for patients are obtained by performing comprehensive early mobilization and rehabilitation by a multidisciplinary team, generally within 48 hours after the onset. Early and frequent mobilization and rehabilitation therapy are recommended unless systemic management is paramount, such as hemodynamic instability, increased intracranial pressure, or active bleeding.

Comparison of electromyography, sound, bioimpedance, and high-resolution manometry for differentiating swallowing and vocalization events.

Objectives: Non-invasive surface recording devices used for detecting swallowing events include electromyography (EMG), sound, and bioimpedance. However, to our knowledge there are no comparative studies in which these waveforms were recorded simultaneously. We assessed the accuracy and efficiency of high-resolution manometry (HRM) topography, EMG, sound, and bioimpedance waveforms, for identifying swallowing events.

Effect of Tongue-Hold Swallow on Pharyngeal Contractile Properties in Healthy Individuals.

Tongue-hold swallow (THS) is a swallow exercise in which an individual swallows saliva while holding the anterior portion of the tongue between the front teeth. The effect of THS on pharyngeal contractile vigor is still unclear. The purpose of this study was to quantify THS using high-resolution manometry with a contractile integral analysis.

Neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease presenting with dysphagia: a report of three cases.

Neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease (NIID) is a rare neurodegenerative disease that is pathologically characterized by the presence of eosinophilic hyaline intranuclear inclusions in neurons, astrocytes, and specific somatic cells. Previously reported cases of NIID displayed various neurological symptoms, including dementia, muscle weakness, ataxia, etc. However, dysphagia associated with NIID have rarely been reported.

Oropharyngeal Dysphagia and Aspiration Pneumonia Following Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Case Report.

Cranial nerve involvement is a finding often observed in patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 during the pandemic outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). To our knowledge, this is the first report of oropharyngeal dysphagia associated with COVID-19. A 70-year-old male developed dysphagia and consequent aspiration pneumonia during recovery from severe COVID-19.

Mstu1, an APSES transcription factor, is required for appressorium-mediated infection in Magnaporthe grisea.

The APSES protein family includes important transcriptional regulators of morphological processes in ascomycetes. We identified a deletion mutant of the APSES protein Mstu1 in Magnaporthe grisea that showed reduced conidiation and mycelial growth. Mstu1 formed a number of appressoria comparable to the wild type, although appressorium formation was delayed.

MgLig4, a homolog of Neurospora crassa Mus-53 (DNA ligase IV), is involved in, but not essential for, non-homologous end-joining events in Magnaporthe grisea.

In many eukaryotic organisms, the non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) system is a major pathway for the repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). DNA ligase IV is a component of the NHEJ system and is strictly required for the NHEJ system in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and in Neurospora crassa. To investigate the functions of DNA Ligase IV in Magnaporthe grisea, we generated deletion mutants of MGLIG4, which encodes a homolog of N.