Stress-experienced monocytes/macrophages lose anti-inflammatory function via β-adrenergic receptor in skin allergic inflammation.

Background: Psychological stress can exacerbate the development of allergies; however, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. IgE-mediated cutaneous allergic inflammation (IgE-CAI) is a basophil-dependent skin allergy with eosinophil infiltration at inflammatory sites. Its resolution involves anti-inflammatory programmed death ligand 2 (PD-L2)-positive macrophages.

Ligand-independent function of β2-adrenergic receptor affects IgE-mediated Ca influx in mast cells.

Background: Mast cells are key effector cells that elicit immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated allergic inflammations. Allergen cross-linking of IgE bound to the high-affinity IgE receptor, FcεRI, on mast cells triggers signaling cascades that activate signal proteins and evoke extracellular Ca influx, which are crucial for cytokine production. The β2-adrenergic receptor (Adrb2) on mast cells negatively regulates FcεRI signaling, as demonstrated by the inhibition of IgE/antigen (Ag)-induced activation by Adrb2 agonists.

Effects of the Polyphenols Delphinidin and Rosmarinic Acid on the Inducible Intra-cellular Aggregation of Alpha-Synuclein in Model Neuron Cells.

Intracellular aggregation of α-synuclein is a major pathological feature of Parkinson's disease. In this study, we show that the polyphenols delphinidin and rosmarinic acid suppress intracellular aggregation of α-synuclein in a mouse neuron cell model when added under oxidative stress conditions. To enhance the detection threshold of this preventive effect of the two polyphenols, we generated a new strain of "aggregation prone model cells" that tended to show prominent α-synuclein aggregation even under normal conditions.

Distal phalanx replantation using the delayed venous method: a high success rate in 21 cases without specialised technique.

Background: The purpose of the study was to show that the delayed venous method provides a high success rate in distal phalanx replantation, and does not require the use of specialised techniques. Vein anastomosis is the most important factor determining the 'take rate' in treatment of distal phalanx amputation. However, blood flow in the distal phalanx subdermal vein is lost immediately after an accident, making it difficult to find the collapsed vein and to perform vein anastomosis in the initial surgery.