Mechanochemical Synthesis of Perovskite Oxyhydrides: Insights from Shear Modulus.

Perovskite oxyhydrides have attracted recent attention due to their intriguing properties such as ionic conductivity and catalysis, but their repertoire is still restricted compared to perovskite oxynitrides and oxyfluorides. Historically, perovskite oxyhydrides have been prepared mostly by topochemical reactions and high-pressure (HP) reactions, while in this study, we employed a mechanochemical (MC) approach, which enables the synthesis of a series of OH-type oxyhydrides, including those with the tolerance factor () much smaller than 1 (e.g.

External amino acid residues of insect GABA receptor channels dictate the action of the isoxazoline ectoparasiticide fluralaner.

Background: Fluralaner is the first isoxazoline ectoparasiticide developed to protect companion animals from fleas and ticks. Fluralaner primarily inhibits arthropod γ-aminobutyric acid receptors (GABARs), which are ligand-gated ion channels comprising five subunits arranged around the channel pore. We previously reported that the action site of fluralaner resides at the M1-M3 transmembrane interface between adjacent GABAR subunits.

Usefulness of a medical interview support application for residents: A pilot study.

To conduct an appropriate medical interview, education and clinical experience are necessary. The usefulness of computer-based medical diagnostic support systems has been reported in medical interviewing. However, only a few reports have actually applied these systems and noted changes in the quality of the medical interview of residents.

Coagulation Influencing Liberation from Respiratory Support in Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Retrospective, Observational Study.

Background: Patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) occasionally develop respiratory failure and coagulopathy. We aimed to determine whether coagulation abnormalities at admission and during the course of hospitalization can predict the liberation from respiratory support in critically ill patients with COVID-19 by combining the results of rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) with standard laboratory tests.

Methods: This single-center, retrospective, observational study included 31 consecutive adult patients with COVID-19 who were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) and who required respiratory support between April 2021 and August 2021.

Investigation of predictors of bleeding complications in COVID-19 using rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM): A retrospective study.

Background: Hemorrhagic complications in patients with coronavirus 19 disease (COVID-19) are infrequent but associated with a prognosis. This study aimed to elucidate the risk factors for bleeding complications in patients with COVID-19 using rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) parameters and blood tests performed at admission.

Methods: In total, 31 patients with severe COVID-19 treated intensively at Saga University Hospital were included in this study.

State-dependent inhibition of GABA receptor channels by the ectoparasiticide fluralaner.

γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors (GABARs) are ligand-gated Cl channels, which cause an influx of Cl that inhibits excitation in postsynaptic cells upon activation. GABARs are important targets for drugs and pest control chemicals. We previously reported that the isoxazoline ectoparasiticide fluralaner inhibits GABA-induced currents in housefly (Musca domestica) GABARs by binding to the putative binding site in the transmembrane subunit interface.

Development of a delirium predictive model for adult trauma patients in an emergency and critical care center: a retrospective study.

Background: Delirium has been shown to prolong the length of intensive care unit stay, hospitalization, and duration of ventilatory control, in addition to increasing the use of sedatives and increasing the medical costs. Although there have been a number of reports referring to risk factors for the development of delirium, no model has been developed to predict delirium in trauma patients at the time of admission. This study aimed to create a scoring system that predicts delirium in trauma patients.

Influence of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on thrombus formation ability in humans.

Background: Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) therapy was introduced nearly 300 years ago. However, its effect on thrombus formation is unclear. This may be because platelet and coagulation functions are unstable, yielding variable results; hence, accurate measurement is difficult.

[Actual state of injection techniques and effect of medical treatment instructions in elderly patients with diabetes using insulin].

Aim: Support for elderly patients using insulin to continue self-injection safely is required for clinical settings. The aim of this study was 1) to clarify the actual state of self-injection procedures for elderly people injecting insulin and 2) to verify whether or not the injection procedures can be improved by nurses' medical treatment instructions.

Subjects And Methods: The subjects were outpatients at an educational facility certified by the Japan Diabetes Society.

Effects of intersubunit amino acid substitutions on GABA receptor sensitivity to the ectoparasiticide fluralaner.

The isoxazoline ectoparasiticide fluralaner exerts antiparasitic effects by inhibiting the function of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors (GABARs). The present study was conducted to identify the amino acid residues that contribute to the high sensitivity of insect GABARs to fluralaner. We generated housefly (Musca domestica) GABARs with amino acid substitutions in the first through third α-helical transmembrane segments (TM1-TM3) of the RDL subunit using site-directed mutagenesis and examined the effects of the substitutions on the sensitivity of GABARs expressed in Xenopus oocytes to fluralaner using two-electrode voltage clamp electrophysiology.

Fluxametamide: A novel isoxazoline insecticide that acts via distinctive antagonism of insect ligand-gated chloride channels.

Fluxametamide is a novel wide-spectrum insecticide that was discovered and synthesized by Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd. To identify the mode of action of fluxametamide, we first performed [H]4'-ethynyl-4-n-propylbicycloorthobenzoate (EBOB) binding assays. Fluxametamide potently inhibited the specific binding of [H]EBOB to housefly-head membranes, suggesting that fluxametamide affects insect γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-gated chloride channels (GABACls).

A Single Amino Acid Substitution in the Third Transmembrane Region Has Opposite Impacts on the Selectivity of the Parasiticides Fluralaner and Ivermectin for Ligand-Gated Chloride Channels.

Fluralaner (Bravecto) is a recently marketed isoxazoline ectoparasiticide. This compound potently inhibits GABA-gated chloride channels (GABACls) and less potently glutamate-gated chloride channels (GluCls) in insects. The mechanism underlying this selectivity is unknown.

Differential mechanisms of action of the novel γ-aminobutyric acid receptor antagonist ectoparasiticides fluralaner (A1443) and fipronil.

Background: Fluralaner (A1443) is an isoxazoline ectoparasiticide that is a novel antagonist of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors (GABARs), with a potency comparable to that of fipronil, a phenylpyrazole ectoparasiticide. To clarify the biological effectiveness of fluralaner against fipronil-resistant pests, differences in the actions of fluralaner and fipronil on GABARs that possess resistance to dieldrin (rdl)-type mutations were evaluated.

Results: Fipronil had neither pest control nor GABAR-antagonistic activities against two-spotted spider mites (Tetranychus urticae) that had two different rdl-type amino acids (A(301) → H and T(350) → A: Drosophila melanogaster GABAR numbering) and against small brown planthoppers (Laodelphax striatellus) that had a novel rdl-type (A(283) → N) mutation in GABARs.

The antiparasitic isoxazoline A1443 is a potent blocker of insect ligand-gated chloride channels.

A structurally unique isoxazoline class compound, A1443, exhibits antiparasitic activity against cat fleas and dog ticks comparable to that of the commercial ectoparasiticide fipronil. This isoxazoline compound inhibits specific binding of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor channel blocker [(3)H]4'-ethynyl-4-n-propylbicycloorthobenzoate (EBOB) to housefly-head membranes, with an IC(50) value of 455pM. In contrast, the IC(50) value in rat-brain membranes is>10muM.

Glycosylation and ligand-binding activities of rat plasma fibronectin during liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy.

Fibronectin (FN) is a multifunctional glycoprotein present in the extracellular matrix (ECM) and plasma. We previously reported that the glycosylation and ligand-binding of vitronectin (VN) change markedly after partial hepatectomy (PH). Here we show the changes of FN during liver regeneration.