Ambulatory monitoring of congestive heart failure by multiple bioelectric impedance vectors.

Objectives: This study was designed to investigate the properties of multiple bioelectric impedance signals recorded during congestive heart failure (CHF) by utilizing various electrode configurations of an implanted cardiac resynchronization therapy system.

Background: The monitoring of CHF has relied mainly on right-side heart sensors.

Methods: Fifteen normal dogs underwent implantation of cardiac resynchronization therapy systems using standard leads.

Usefulness of monitoring congestive heart failure by multiple impedance vectors.

Introduction: We investigated trends in intrathoracic impedance measured between multiple implanted electrodes for monitoring pulmonary edema secondary to congestive heart failure (CHF) in an experimental model.

Methods: Biventricular ICDs were implanted in 16 dogs and 5 sheep. Continuous RV pacing (230- 250 bpm) was applied over several weeks.