Sweroside Modulates Oxidative Stress and Neuroplasticity-Related Gene Expression in Scopolamine-Treated Zebrafish.

Background: A major issue with neurodegenerative diseases is cholinergic depletion, the development of oxidative stress, and the reduction in the ability to control the expression of genes involved in the regulation of neurogenesis. The most widespread neurodegenerative disease is Alzheimer's disease (AD). Current treatments are not able to improve the symptoms of the disease.

The Distinct Biological Effects of 6-Hydroxy-L-Nicotine in Representative Cancer Cell Lines.

6-hydroxy-L-nicotine (6HLN) is a nicotine (NIC) derivative with proven therapeutic potential in neurodegenerative disorders. Here, the impact of 6HLN on cell growth, migratory behavior, and inflammatory status of three different cancer cell lines (A549, MCF7, and U87) and two normal cell lines (16HBE14o and MCF10A) was investigated. In silico analyses were conducted to evaluate the binding affinity of 6HLN to nicotinic receptors (nAChRs) containing α9 and α5 subunits.

Insights into Pharmacological Activities of Nicotine and 6-Hydroxy-L-nicotine, a Bacterial Nicotine Derivative: A Systematic Review.

The purported cognitive benefits associated with nicotine and its metabolites in the brain are a matter of debate. In this review, the impact of the pharmacologically active metabolite of a nicotine derivative produced by bacteria named 6-hydroxy-L-nicotine (6HLN) on memory, oxidative stress, and the activity of the cholinergic system in the brain was examined. A search in the PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases, limiting entries to those published between 1992 and 2023, was conducted.

Characterisation of the Paenarthrobacter nicotinovorans ATCC 49919 genome and identification of several strains harbouring a highly syntenic nic-genes cluster.

Background: Paenarthrobacter nicotinovorans ATCC 49919 uses the pyridine-pathway to degrade nicotine and could provide a renewable source of precursors from nicotine-containing waste as well as a model for studying the molecular evolution of catabolic pathways and their spread by horizontal gene transfer via soil bacterial plasmids.

Results: In the present study, the strain was sequenced using the Illumina NovaSeq 6000 and Oxford Nanopore Technology (ONT) MinION platforms. Following hybrid assembly with Unicycler, the complete genome sequence of the strain was obtained and used as reference for whole-genome-based phylogeny analyses.

Structure of Lacticaseicin 30 and Its Engineered Variants Revealed an Interplay between the N-Terminal and C-Terminal Regions in the Activity against Gram-Negative Bacteria.

Lacticaseicin 30 is one of the five bacteriocins produced by the Gram-positive CNCM I-5369. This 111 amino acid bacteriocin is noteworthy for being active against Gram-negative bacilli including strains resistant to colistin. Prediction of the lacticaseicin 30 structure using the Alphafold2 pipeline revealed a largely helical structure including five helix segments, which was confirmed by circular dichroism.

Essential Oil Ameliorates Aβ1-42-Induced Brain Injury by Diminishing Anxiety, Oxidative Stress, and Neuroinflammation in Rats.

The L. genus comprises around 250 species, being popular worldwide for their medicinal and aromatic properties. The present study aimed to evaluate the Mill.

Complete Genome Sequences of Two Closely Related Paenarthrobacter nicotinovorans Strains.

Paenarthrobacter nicotinovorans is a soil bacterium that uses the pyridine pathway to degrade nicotine. The genome of strain ATCC 49919 is composed of a ~4.3-Mbp chromosome and a ~165-kbp plasmid.

Time-Dependent Analysis of pAO1 Nicotine-Related Proteome.

is a soil Gram-positive nicotine-degrading microorganism (NDM) that harbors a 165 kb pAO1 catabolic megaplasmid. The nicotine catabolic genes on pAO1 have been sequenced, but not all the details on the regulation and interplay of this pathway with the general metabolism of the cell are available. To address this issue at the protein level, a time-based shotgun proteomics study was performed.

A beginner's guideline for low-cost 3D printing of macromolecules usable for teaching and demonstration.

The structure and function of biomolecules relationship is the hallmark of biochemistry, molecular biology, and life sciences in general. Physical models of macromolecules give students the possibility to manipulate these structures in three dimensions, developing a sense of spatiality and a better understanding of key aspects such as atom size and shape, bond lengths and symmetry. Several molecular model systems were developed specifically to represent particular classes or groups of molecules and hence lack the flexibility of a universal solution.

Conifer Essential Oils Reversed Amyloid Beta1-42 Action by Modulating BDNF and ARC Expression in The Rat Hippocampus.

Background: The conifer species Pinus halepensis (Pinaceae) and Tetraclinis articulata (Cupressaceae) are widely used in traditional medicine due to their beneficial health properties.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms by which P. halepensis and T.

Anxiolytic, Promnesic, Anti-Acetylcholinesterase and Antioxidant Effects of Cotinine and 6-Hydroxy-L-Nicotine in Scopolamine-Induced Zebrafish () Model of Alzheimer's Disease.

Cotinine (COT) and 6-hydroxy-L-nicotine (6HLN) are two nicotinic derivatives that possess cognitive-improving abilities and antioxidant properties in different rodent models of Alzheimer's disease (AD), eluding the side-effects of nicotine (NIC), the parent molecule. In the current study, we evaluated the impact of COT and 6HLN on memory deterioration, anxiety, and oxidative stress in the scopolamine (SCOP)-induced zebrafish model of AD. For this, COT and 6HLN were acutely administered by immersion to zebrafish that were treated with SCOP before testing.

Cotinine and 6-Hydroxy-L-Nicotine Reverses Memory Deficits and Reduces Oxidative Stress in Aβ-Induced Rat Model of Alzheimer's Disease.

The nicotinic derivatives, cotinine (COT), and 6-hydroxy-L-nicotine (6HLN), showed promising cognitive-improving effects without exhibiting the nicotine's side-effects. Here, we investigated the impact of COT and 6HLN on memory impairment and the oxidative stress in the Aβ-induced rat model of Alzheimer's disease (AD). COT and 6HLN were chronically administered to Aβ-treated rats, and their memory performances were assessed using in vivo tasks (Y-maze, novel object recognition, and radial arm maze).

A Critical Review of Bottom-Up Proteomics: The Good, the Bad, and the Future of this Field.

Proteomics is the field of study that includes the analysis of proteins, from either a basic science prospective or a clinical one. Proteins can be investigated for their abundance, variety of proteoforms due to post-translational modifications (PTMs), and their stable or transient protein-protein interactions. This can be especially beneficial in the clinical setting when studying proteins involved in different diseases and conditions.

A soil bacterial catabolic pathway on the move: Transfer of nicotine catabolic genes between genus megaplasmids and invasion by mobile elements.

The 165,137 bp plasmid pAO1 of carries the genes of a nicotine catabolic pathway. The genes are organized into several gene modules responsible for the catabolism of L- and D-nicotine to nicotine blue, alpha-ketoglutarate and succinate. Various modules of these genes have been shown to be present in gram-positive (Gram?) soil bacteria.

Exploration of Nicotine Metabolism in Paenarthrobacter nicotinovorans pAO1 by Microbial Proteomics.

Proteomics, or the large-scale study of proteins, is a post-genomics field that, together with transcriptomics and metabolomics, has moved the study of bacteria to a new era based on system-wide understanding of bacterial metabolic and regulatory networks. The study of bacterial proteins or microbial proteomics has found a wide array of applications in many fields of microbiology, from food, clinical, and industrial microbiology to microbial ecology and physiology. The current chapter makes a brief technical introduction into the available approaches for the large-scale study of bacterial proteins using mass-spectrometry.

Mass Spectrometry- and Computational Structural Biology-Based Investigation of Proteins and Peptides.

Recent developments of mass spectrometry (MS) allow us to identify, estimate, and characterize proteins and protein complexes. At the same time, structural biology helps to determine the protein structure and its structure-function relationship. Together, they aid to understand the protein structure, property, function, protein-complex assembly, protein-protein interaction, and dynamics.

Performances of Pichia kudriavzevii in decolorization, biodegradation, and detoxification of C.I. Basic Blue 41 under optimized cultural conditions.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the performances of Pichia kudriavzevii CR-Y103 yeast strain for the decolorization, biodegradation, and detoxification of cationic dye C.I. Basic Blue 41, a toxic compound to aquatic life with long-lasting effects.

Proteomics based analysis of the nicotine catabolism in Paenarthrobacter nicotinovorans pAO1.

Paenarthrobacter nicotinovorans is a nicotine-degrading microorganism that shows a promising biotechnological potential for the production of compounds with industrial and pharmaceutical importance. Its ability to use nicotine was linked to the presence of the catabolic megaplasmid pAO1. Although extensive work has been performed on the molecular biology of nicotine degradation in this bacterium, only half of the genes putatively involved have been experimentally linked to nicotine.

Ameliorative effects of Matricaria chamomilla L. hydroalcoholic extract on scopolamine-induced memory impairment in rats: A behavioral and molecular study.

Background: Matricaria chamomilla L. is a medicinal herb traditionally used as the anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiviral, anxiolytic and antidepressant agent. Nevertheless, supporting evidence demonstrated its memory enhancing activity and antioxidant properties.

Structural Characterization and Disulfide Assignment of Spider Peptide Phα1β by Mass Spectrometry.

Native Phα1β is a peptide purified from the venom of the armed spider Phoneutria nigriventer that has been shown to have an extensive analgesic effect with fewer side effects than ω-conotoxin MVIIA. Recombinant Phα1β mimics the effects of the native Phα1β. Because of this, it has been suggested that Phα1β may have potential to be used as a therapeutic for controlling persistent pathological pain.

Lactuca capensis reverses memory deficits in Aβ1-42-induced an animal model of Alzheimer's disease.

We investigated the neuropharmacological effects of the methanolic extract from Lactuca capensis Thunb. leaves (100 and 200 mg/kg) for 21 days on memory impairment in an Alzheimer's disease (AD) rat model produced by direct intraventricular delivery of amyloid-β1-42 (Aβ1-42). Behavioural assays such as Y-maze and radial arm maze test were used for assessing memory performance.

Cognitive-enhancing and antioxidant activities of the aqueous extract from Markhamia tomentosa (Benth.) K. Schum. stem bark in a rat model of scopolamine.

Background: Plants of the genus Markhamia have been traditionally used by different tribes in various parts of West African countries, including Cameroun. Markhamia tomentosa (Benth.) K.

Nicotine versus 6-hydroxy-l-nicotine against chlorisondamine induced memory impairment and oxidative stress in the rat hippocampus.

6-Hydroxy-l-nicotine (6HLN), a nicotine derivative from nicotine degradation by Arthrobacter nicotinovorans pAO1 strain was found to improve behavioral deficits and to reverse oxidative stress in the rat hippocampus. Rats were given CHL (10mg/kg, i.p.