Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia and Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia: A Literature Review.

Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) and its subtype, ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), remain two significant causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, despite the better understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms, etiology, risk factors, preventive methods (bundle of care principles) and supportive care. Prior detection of the risk factors combined with a clear clinical judgement based on clinical scores and dosage of different inflammatory biomarkers (procalcitonin, soluble triggering receptor expressed on myelloid cells type 1, C-reactive protein, mid-regional pro-adrenomedullin, mid-regional pro-atrial natriuretic peptide) represent the cornerstones of a well-established management plan by improving patient's outcome. This review article provides an overview of the newly approved terminology considering nosocomial pneumonia, as well as the risk factors, biomarkers, diagnostic methods and new treatment options that can guide the management of this spectrum of infections.

Porous-Wall Titania Nanotube Array Layers: Preparation and Photocatalytic Response.

Electrochemical anodization is already a well-established process, owing to its multiple benefits for creating high-grade titanium dioxide nanotubes with suitable characteristics and tunable shapes. Nevertheless, more research is necessary to fully comprehend the basic phenomena at the anode-electrolyte interface during anodization. In a recent paper, we proposed the use of sawtooth-shaped voltage pulses for Ti anodization, which controls the pivoting point of the balance between the two processes that compete to create nanotubes during a self-organization process: oxide etching and oxidation.

The Potential Use of Artificial Intelligence in Irritable Bowel Syndrome Management.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) has a global prevalence of around 4.1% and is associated with a low quality of life and increased healthcare costs. Current guidelines recommend that IBS is diagnosed using the symptom-based Rome IV criteria.

Liver Damage Associated with SARS-CoV-2 Infection-Myth or Reality?

(1) Introduction: While the primary impairment in COVID-19 is pulmonary, the ubiquitous distribution of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) demonstrates the possible presence of systemic disease with involvement of the heart, kidneys, liver and other organs. (2) Methods: We retrospectively studied the observation sheets of patients diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection hospitalized in the "Sf. Parascheva" Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases from Iasi for a period of 3 months.

Characteristics and Trends of COVID-19 Infection in a Tertiary Hospital in Romania: A Retrospective Study.

(1) Background: The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic represented a real challenge for all of humanity. Characterized by a complex spectrum of signs and symptoms, by various severity degrees, the disease spread rapidly around the world. After more than two and half years since the beginning of COVID-19 pandemic, in the context of a paradoxical, enigmatic, and relentless COVID-19, the objective of the current study was to evaluate the characteristics and evolution of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, hospitalized in "St.

Artificial Intelligence in Digestive Endoscopy-Where Are We and Where Are We Going?

Artificial intelligence, a computer-based concept that tries to mimic human thinking, is slowly becoming part of the endoscopy lab. It has developed considerably since the first attempt at developing an automated medical diagnostic tool, today being adopted in almost all medical fields, digestive endoscopy included. The detection rate of preneoplastic lesions (i.

Enterically transmitted hepatitis in the third millennium in northeastern Romania.

While the incidence of hepatitis A virus (HAV) infections has decreased in the last few years, the incidence of hepatitis E virus (HEV) is increasing in developed countries. Both infections remain a worldwide reality, strongly related to socio-economic conditions. We retrospectively analyzed the medical files of patients with viral hepatitis hospitalized in the Infectious Disease Hospital Iasi, Romania between 2018 and 2019.

Apolipoproteins A and B and PCSK9: Nontraditional Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Chronic Kidney Disease and in End-Stage Renal Disease.

Purpose: Nontraditional cardiovascular risk factors as apolipoprotein A (ApoA), apolipoprotein B (ApoB), and the proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) increase the prevalence of cardiovascular mortality in chronic kidney disease (CKD) or in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) through quantitative alterations. This review is aimed at establishing the biomarker (ApoA, ApoB, and PCSK9) level variations in uremic patients, to identify the studies showing the association between these biomarkers and the development of cardiovascular events and to depict the therapeutic options to reduce cardiovascular risk in CKD and ESRD patients.

Methods: We searched the electronic database of PubMed, Scopus, EBSCO, and Cochrane CENTRAL for studies evaluating apolipoproteins and PCSK9 in CKD and ESRD.

ETIOLOGY AND RESISTANCE PROFILE OF ISOLATED STRAINS FROM SEVERE SYSTEMIC INFECTIONS IN PATIENTS WITH IMMUNODEPRESSION--EXPERIENCE OF THE IASI INFECTIOUS DISEASES HOSPITAL 2011-2014.

Unlabelled: Microbial resistance is an increasingly serious threat to global public health and it is linked to patient's age, immune status, and also antibiotic overuse or misuse and repeated hospitalizations. The high incidence of infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria requires rethinking the first-line therapeutic schemes.

Aim: Retrospective study of the etiologic and antibiotic resistance profile of the bacterial strains isolated from immunocompromised hosts diagnosed with severe systemic infections, aimed at gaining a better understanding of the potential infectious sources and optimizing the antibiotic therapy.

Morphopathological stigmata in acne fulminans.

Acne fulminans is the most aggressive and destructive form of acne vulgaris, being also known as acne maligna. The onset is acute and systemic involvement is always present. Most commonly, acne fulminans (AF) occurs in male adolescents as a brutal complication of a preexisting mild or moderate acne.

NEW PERSPECTIVES IN THE DIAGNOSIS AND THE TREATMENT OF CHILDHOOD FEBRILE EXANTHEMAS.

A child with a febrile exanthema is a complex medical problem involving diagnostic challenges, epidemiological threats and a great concern for the parents and any physician, should be prepared to deal with it. Many of the classical ones (measles, rubella, chickenpox) have now a decreased incidence due to a high vaccine coverage, which makes even harder for the physician to establish an early diagnosis. To the untrained eye most of them are difficult to differentiate.

Adverse reactions of biological therapy for psoriasis.

Aim: To detect in patients with psoriasis the adverse effects during TNF-a inhibitor therapy.

Material And Methods: Fifty-seven patients with psoriasis, aged between 12 and 75 years were analyzed. They were treated with different TNF-α antagonists, the maximum treatment duration being 59 months.

Epidemiological and laboratory features of chronic hepatitis B cases in the interval 2010-2013.

Unlabelled: HBV virus infection is an important public health problem because of its huge transmission potential, and severe evolution to cirrhosis or liver cancer.

Aim: Analysis of the epidemiological and laboratory features of chronic hepatitis B virus infection.

Material And Methods: The patients with chronic hepatitis B admitted to the "Sf.

Tuberculous meningitis--clinical and epidemiological considerations (a retrospective study 2008-2011).

Unlabelled: Tuberculous meningitis represents one of the most severe forms of tuberculosis and is often a difficult diagnostic and therapeutic problem. The objective of this study is to analyze the cases of tuberculous meningitis in our region.

Material And Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 76 observation sheets of patients aged 4 months to 84 years, diagnosed with tuberculous meningitis, admitted to Infectious Diseases Hospital IaÅŸi during 2008 to 2011.

Correlation between asthma and Toxocara canis infection.

Unlabelled: The aim of the current study was to examine the relationship between asthma and toxocariasis.

Material And Methods: We have studied 76 patients with asthma and 88 controls (without asthma) aged 5-16 years. An ELISA test based on the detection of anti-Toxocara canis (E/S antigen) serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) and E (IgE) was done in both groups.

[Sensitization to ascaris lumbricoides and asthma severity in children].

Unlabelled: There is little information concerning asthma severity and sensitization to Ascaris lumbricoides in pediatric patients.

Material And Methods: The relationship between sensitization to Ascaris lumbricoides and asthma severity in 219 patients with a high prevalence of parasitic exposure (IgE antibodies) was studied by using linear, multivariate and logistic regression.

Results: Sensitization to Ascaris lumbricoides was associated with positive skin tests for aeroallergens, increased total serum IgE, increased eosinophils, reductions in FEV1 and FEV1/FVC ratio, increased airway Methacholine, bronchodilator responsiveness, and hospitalizations for asthma in the past year.

[Atopic diseases and intestinal helminth infections].

Unlabelled: The purpose of the current study was to examine the relationship between past and current intestinal helminth infections, and asthma, allergic rhino-conjunctivitis, and atopic dermatitis.

Material And Method: The study was performed on 84 patients aged 2-18 years with a mean of 9.31 +/- 3.

Synthesis and antituberculosis activity of some new pyridazine derivatives. Part II.

A series of eighteen novel compounds with pyridazine moiety were synthesized and their in vitro antituberculosis activities have been evaluated. A fast, general, and facile method for preparation of pyridazine derivatives in moderate to excellent yields is presented. Three compounds were found to be moderate active against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Considerations concerning design and mechanism of action of a new class of anticancer dual DNA intercalators.

Cancer is one of the most serious and merciless health problems of the mankind, about seven million people dying of cancer every year. Two of the most important and promising targets in cancer chemotherapy include DNA alkylating agents and DNA intercalators. The emphasis of this work was to design, synthetize and formulate a mechanism of action for a new class of dual DNA intercalators.

[Toxocariasis respiratory manifestations in cases hospitalized in the Paediatric Diseases Clinic of IaÅŸi, between 2005-2008].

Unlabelled: The authors present the results of retrospective epidemiological, clinical and laboratory diagnosis on toxocariasis cases hospitalized in the Pediatric Diseases Clinic of IaÅŸi, between January 2005-June 2008.

Material And Method: The study included a number of 228 children.

Results: Respiratory manifestations were present in 184 children: 105 boys (46.

[Cutaneous manifestations on toxocariasis cases hospitalized in the Paediatric Diseases Clinic of IaÅŸi, between 2005-2008].

Unlabelled: The authors present the results of retroprospective epidemiological, clinical and laboratory diagnosis on toxocariasis cases hospitalized in the Paediatric Diseases Clinic of IaÅŸi, between January 2005- June 2008.

Material And Method: The study included a number of 228 children.

Results: Cutaneous manifestations were present in 65 children: 30 boys (46.

[Retrospective clinical and laboratory study of the toxocariasis cases hospitalised between 2005 and 2008].

Unlabelled: The authors present the results of retroprospective clinical and laboratory diagnosis on toxocariasis cases hospitalized in the Paediatric Diseases Clinic of IaÅŸi, between January 2005-June 2008.

Material And Method: The study included a number of 228 children.

Results: The most frequent clinical manifestation was pulmonary symptoms 80.

[Gamma interferon testing in blood and cerebrospinal fluid--rapid method for the diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis].

Aim: To evaluate the benefit of this early method of diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis, gamma-interferon levels comparatively in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

Material And Method: We have studied 50 patients with tuberculous meningitis admitted in the Clinic of Infectious Diseases IaÅŸi between 2006-2007, from the epidemiological, clinical, diagnosis and therapeutical points of view.

Results: Tuberculous meningitis was more frequent in males, with a mean ration of 2.

[Cross-sectional study of leptospirosis cases admitted to the IaÅŸi Clinic of Infectious Diseases over a 5-years period].

Unlabelled: Leptospirosis is a zooantroponosis manifested as an infection with a severe evolution, with liver and renal failure and haemoragic manifestation. The aim of the study was to present the epidemiologic, clinic and therapeutical aspects of 100 cases of leptospirosis admitted in the clinic of Infectious Diseases of IaÅŸi, during 5 years (2002-2006).

Material And Method: The diagnostic was based on the clinical-biologic study and risk factors with febrile syndrome, mialgic syndrome, headache, meningial, liver and renal failure and hematological syndromes, with the serologic evidence of serotypes of leptospirosis.