Are Symptoms of Obstructive Sleep Apnea During Pregnancy Associated With Autism Spectrum Disorder in Children: A Case-Control Study.

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea complicates 10% to 32% or greater of pregnancies, however, reports on long-term effects on the children of pregnancies affected by obstructive sleep apnea are limited.

Objective: We sought to test the hypothesis that the children of pregnant people with symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea during pregnancy have an increased incidence of autism spectrum disorder.

Methods: This was a case-control study comparing the pregnancies of people whose children were later diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder without a known associated genetic condition to those whose children were diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder with a known associated genetic condition.

Clinical application of a previously validated pregnancy-specific screening tool for sleep apnea in a cohort with a high prevalence of obesity.

Objective: The purpose of this project was to determine the positive predictive value of existing obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) screening tools in clinical use, in a real-world clinical population of gravidae, and to explore the development of a new questionnaire for screening for OSA during pregnancy.

Methods: Pregnant people were administered sleep screening questionnaires as part of routine clinical care. These included Facco's four variable OSA screening tool, the STOP-BANG, and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale.

Shift work and sleep duration are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes in a predominantly Latinx population with high rates of obesity.

Background: Shift work has been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between sleep disturbances and adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Methods And Findings: This was a secondary analysis of a prospective study of participants enrolled in a prospective observational study wherein gravidae were screened for sleep apnea (2010-2012).

Continuous positive airway pressure treatment of obstructive sleep apnea and hypertensive complications in high-risk pregnancy.

Purpose: To evaluate whether or not continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment in pregnancies complicated by obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with a decrease in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of perinatal outcomes in women who underwent objective OSA testing and treatment as part of routine clinical care during pregnancy. Where diagnostic criteria for OSA were reached (respiratory event index (REI) ≥ 5 events per hour), patients were offered CPAP therapy.

Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Pregnancy: Early Lessons From Our Sleep Pregnancy Clinic.

Problem Considered: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is underdiagnosed during pregnancy, but there is strong theoretical and some empiric evidence that treatment may improve obstetric outcomes. Barriers to screening, testing, and treatment are common during pregnancy. The goal of this described intervention was to reduce these barriers and improve detection of OSA in pregnancy.

Sleep Disorders in Pregnancy.

Sleep and pregnancy are dynamic processes with unique and evolving physiological substrates. Given the "restorative hypothesis" of sleep as an anabolic process essential for cellular and tissue regeneration, the largely unexplored role of sleep in gestational physiology and pregnancy outcomes promises to be a fascinating topic. Emerging literature suggests that objectively measured or self-reported short sleep duration may be a risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes, including gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), gestational hypertension, and cesarean delivery.

Residual Events during Use of CPAP: Prevalence, Predictors, and Detection Accuracy.

Study Objectives: To assess the frequency, severity, and determinants of residual respiratory events during continuous positive airway therapy (CPAP) for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) as determined by device output.

Methods: Subjects were consecutive OSA patients at an American Academy of Sleep Medicine accredited multidisciplinary sleep center. Inclusion criteria included CPAP use for a minimum of 3 months, and a minimum nightly use of 4 hours.

From synapse to gene product: prolonged expression of c-fos induced by a single microinjection of carbachol in the pontomesencephalic tegmentum.

It is not known how the brain modifies its regulatory systems in response to the application of a drug, especially over the long term of weeks and months. We have developed a model system approach to this question by manipulating cholinergic cell groups of the laterodorsal and pedunculopontine tegmental (LDT/PPT) nuclei in the pontomesencephalic tegmentum (PMT), which are known to be actively involved in the timing and quantity of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. In a freely moving feline model, a single microinjection of the cholinergic agonist carbachol conjugated to a latex nanosphere delivery system into the caudolateral PMT elicits a long-term enhancement of one distinguishing phasic event of REM sleep, ponto-geniculo-occipital (PGO) waves, lasting 5 days but without any significant change in REM sleep or other behavioral state.

Lethal impairment of cholinergic neurotransmission in hemicholinium-3-sensitive choline transporter knockout mice.

Presynaptic acetylcholine (ACh) synthesis and release is thought to be sustained by a hemicholinium-3-sensitive choline transporter (CHT). We disrupted the murine CHT gene and examined CHT-/- and +/- animals for evidence of impaired cholinergic neurotransmission. Although morphologically normal at birth, CHT-/- mice become immobile, breathe irregularly, appear cyanotic, and die within an hour.