Validations of Blood Pressure Measuring Devices Using Recognized Protocols.

Preventing, diagnosing, and controlling high blood pressure is a global health priority. The self-measurement of blood pressure is therefore fundamental and should be done with devices validated by recognized protocols, although most are not. The most widely used and current protocols are the 2010 European Society of Hypertension (ESH) revision and the 2018 Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation (AAMI)/ ESH/ the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) universal standard, respectively.

Aerobic exercise training improves nocturnal blood pressure dipping in medicated hypertensive individuals.

Objective: The absence of nocturnal blood pressure (BP) reduction at night in hypertensive individuals is associated with an increased cardiovascular risk. The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of an aerobic training intervention on nocturnal BP dipping in medicated hypertensive individuals.

Methods: At baseline, hypertensive individuals under pharmacological treatment underwent 24-h ambulatory BP monitoring and a morning urine sample to analyze albumin creatinine ratio (UACR).

One Bout of Resistance Training Does Not Enhance Metformin Actions in Prediabetic and Diabetic Individuals.

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the separated and combined effects of metformin and resistance exercise on glycemic control, insulin sensitivity, and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) in overweight/obese individuals with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Methods: Fourteen adults with a body mass index of 32.1 ± 4.

Acute Aerobic Exercise Induces Short-Term Reductions in Ambulatory Blood Pressure in Patients With Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

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Endurance Exercise Training reduces Blood Pressure according to the Wilder's Principle.

The effect of antihypertensive medicine (AHM) is larger the higher the pre-treatment blood pressure level. It is unknown whether this Wilder's principle, also applies for the exercise-training blood pressure (BP) lowering effect. One hundred seventy-eight (n=178) middle-aged individuals (55±8 y) with metabolic syndrome (MetS), underwent high intensity interval training (3 days·week) for 16 weeks.

Effectiveness of statins vs. exercise on reducing postprandial hypertriglyceridemia in dyslipidemic population: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Background: Individuals at risk of suffering cardiovascular disease (CVD) present with larger increases in blood triglyceride (TG) concentration after a high-fat meal than do healthy individuals. These postprandial hypertriglyceride levels are an independent risk factor for CVD. Prescription of statins and a bout of prolonged exercise are both effective in lowering postprandial hypertriglyceride levels.

Concurrent endurance and resistance training enhances muscular adaptations in individuals with metabolic syndrome.

The purpose of the study was to determine if concurrent training (endurance and resistance in a single session) elicits leg muscular adaptations beyond the ones obtained by endurance training alone in sedentary individuals with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Sixty-six MetS individuals (37% women, age 56 ± 7 years, BMI 32 ± 5 kg m and 3.8 ± 0.

Effects of antihypertensive medication and high-intensity interval training in hypertensive metabolic syndrome individuals.

Pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies are simultaneously prescribed when treating hypertensive individuals with elevated cardiovascular risk (ie, metabolic syndrome individuals). However, it is unknown if the interactions between antihypertensive medication (AHM) and lifestyle interventions (ie, exercise training) may result in a better ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) control. To test this hypothesis, 36 hypertensive individuals with metabolic syndrome (MetS) under long-term prescription with AHM targeting the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) were recruited.

Exercise Reduces Medication for Metabolic Syndrome Management: A 5-Year Follow-up Study.

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the effects of a 5-yr exercise intervention on metabolic syndrome (MetS) and health-related variables and medication use for MetS management.

Methods: Participants were randomly assigned to an exercise intervention (n = 25, 54 ± 2 yr, 20% women) or control group (n = 26, 54 ± 2 yr, 38% women). The intervention lasted 4 months per year and consisted of high-intensity interval training on a cycloergometer thrice a week.

The use of a graded exercise test may be insufficient to quantify true changes in V̇o following exercise training in unfit individuals with metabolic syndrome.

We studied the accuracy of graded exercise testing (GXT) to assess improvements in maximal oxygen uptake (V̇o) with exercise training in unfit individuals with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Forty-four adults with MetS (58 ± 7 yr, 36% women, BMI 31.8 ± 4.

Substitution of parts of aerobic training by resistance training lowers fasting hyperglycemia in individuals with metabolic syndrome.

We sought to determine the effects of substituting parts of aerobic training (AT) by resistance training (RT) on metabolic syndrome (MetS) factors. MetS patients (aged 56 ± 7 years; body mass index 33 ± 5 kg·m and 3.9 ± 0.

Effects of Exercise Training during Christmas on Body Weight and Cardiometabolic Health in Overweight Individuals.

Individuals with abdominal obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) have augmented risk of all-cause mortality. Lifestyle interventions are effective to treat MetS, however, there are periods during the year in which exercise programs are discontinued and improper dietary habits reappear (e.g.

Effects of statins and exercise on postprandial lipoproteins in metabolic syndrome vs metabolically healthy individuals.

Aims: To determine if the combination of exercise and statin could normalize postprandial triglyceridaemia (PPTG) in hypercholesteraemic individuals.

Methods: Eight hypercholesteraemic (blood cholesterol 182 ± 38 mg dL ; low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol [LDL-c] 102 ± 32 mg dL ) overweight (body mass index 30 ± 4 kg m ) individuals with metabolic syndrome (MetS) were compared to a group of 8 metabolically healthy (MetH) controls (blood cholesterol 149 ± 23 mg dL ; LDL-c 77 ± 23 mg dL , and body mass index 23 ± 2 kg m ). Each group underwent 2 PPTG tests, either 14 hours after a bout of intense exercise or without previous exercise.

Effects of statin therapy and exercise on postprandial triglycerides in overweight individuals with hypercholesterolaemia.

Aims: To determine the effects of statins on postprandial lipaemia (PPL) and to study if exercise could enhance statin actions.

Methods: Ten hypercholesteraemic (blood cholesterol 204 ± 36 mg dL ; low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol 129 ± 32 36 mg dL ) overweight (body mass index 30 ± 4 kg m ), metabolic syndrome individuals chronically medicated with statins (>6 months) underwent 5-hour PPL tests in 4 occasions in a randomized order: (i) substituting their habitual statin medication by placebo for 96 hours (PLAC trial); (ii) taking their habitual statin medicine (STA trial); (iii) placebo combined with a bout of intense aerobic exercise (EXER+PLAC trial); and (iv) combining exercise and statin medicine (EXER+STA trial).

Results: Before the fat meal, statin withdrawal (i.

Exercise Training Adaptations in Metabolic Syndrome Individuals on Chronic Statin Treatment.

Background: Statins reduce atherogenic dyslipidemia and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in metabolic syndrome (MetS) individuals. Exercise training could also contribute to reduce CVD by improving cardiorespiratory fitness and fat oxidation. However, statin use could interfere with training adaptations.

Women with metabolic syndrome show similar health benefits from high-intensity interval training than men.

High-intensity interval training (HIIT), is effective to improve cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) components in adults. However, it is unclear if CRF and MetS components respond similarly in men and women after HIIT. For 16 weeks, 63 women (53±7 years) and 56 men (55±8 years) with MetS underwent a three day/week HIIT program.

Importance of a verification test to accurately assess V̇O max in unfit individuals with obesity.

Background: To determine the trustworthiness of graded exercise test to exhaustion (GXT) to assess maximal oxygen uptake ( ) in metabolic syndrome individuals with obesity and poor cardiorespiratory fitness.

Methods: was assessed in 100 metabolic syndrome adults (57 ± 8 years; 34% women), with obesity (BMI 32 ± 5 kg·m ) using GXT followed by supramaximal constant-load verification test (VerT) at 110% of maximal GXT work rate. data from GXT and VerT were compared using paired t test and plotted for Bland-Altman analysis.

Post-exercise Hypotension Produced by Supramaximal Interval Exercise is Potentiated by Angiotensin Receptor Blockers.

We studied the effects of supramaximal interval exercise (SIE) with or without antihypertensive medication (AHM) on 21-hr blood pressure (BP) response. Twelve hypertensive patients chronically medicated with AHM, underwent three trials in a randomized order: a) control trial without exercise and substituting their AHM with a placebo (PLAC); b) placebo medicine and a morning bout of SIE (PLAC+SIE), and c) combining AHM and exercise (AHM+SIE). Acute and ambulatory blood pressure responses were measured for 21-hr after treatment.

Effectiveness of Aerobic Exercise Programs for Health Promotion in Metabolic Syndrome.

Purpose: Continuous and interval are the two types of aerobic exercise training commonly used for health promotion. We sought to determine which aerobic exercise training program results in larger health improvements in metabolic syndrome (MetS) individuals.

Methods: One hundred twenty-one MetS patients (age, 57 ± 8 yr; weight, 92 ± 15 kg; and MetS factors, 3.

Training intensity relative to ventilatory thresholds determines cardiorespiratory fitness improvements in sedentary adults with obesity.

The aim of the present study was to study if training intensity relative to ventilatory thresholds (VTs) determines the improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in middle-aged sedentary individuals with obesity. Before and after 16-weeks of HIIT (43-min alternating bouts at 70/90% of HR), oxygen consumption ( O) and heart rate (HR) at ventilatory threshold 1 ( O HR), ventilatory threshold 2 ( O, HR) and at maximal effort ( O, HR) were assessed during a graded cycle-ergometer exercise test. Retrospectively, participants were divided into two groups based on whether training intensities were under (UNDER; n = 39) or over (OVER; n = 37) VT and VT.

Exercise Periodization over the Year Improves Metabolic Syndrome and Medication Use.

Purpose: We aimed to determine if yearly repeated exercise training reduces metabolic syndrome (MetS) and the use of medicines to control MetS components.

Methods: Fifty-five MetS individuals were randomized into a TRAIN group that underwent two yearly programs of 16-wk high-intensity interval training or a nonexercising CONT group. We measured the evolution of all five MetS components, cardiorespiratory fitness (assessed by V˙O2PEAK) and medicine use, at baseline (0 months), mid (12 months), and end-point (24 months).

Intense aerobic exercise lowers blood pressure in individuals with metabolic syndrome taking antihypertensive medicine.

Objective: There is a growing tendency for physicians to prescribe exercise in accordance with the 'exercise is medicine' global health initiative. However, the exercise-pharmacologic interactions for controlling blood pressure are not well described. Our purpose was to study whether angiotensin II receptor type 1 blocker (ARB) antihypertensive medicine enhances the blood pressure-lowering effects of intense exercise.

Effects of aerobic interval training on arterial stiffness and microvascular function in patients with metabolic syndrome.

The authors determined the effect of high-intensity aerobic interval training on arterial stiffness and microvascular dysfunction in patients with metabolic syndrome with hypertension. Applanation tonometry was used to measure arterial stiffness and laser Doppler flowmetry to assess microvascular dysfunction before and after 6 months of stationary cycling (training group; n = 23) in comparison to a group that remained sedentary (control group; n = 23). While no variable improved in controls, hypertension fell from 79% (59%-91%) to 41% (24%-61%) in the training group, resulting in lower systolic and diastolic pressures than controls (-12 ± 3 and -6 ± 2 mm Hg, P < .