Increased Incidence of Rhinovirus Pneumonia in Children During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Mexico.

Human rhinovirus (HRV), traditionally recognized as the primary etiological agent of the common cold, has become the second most important viral agent in bronchopulmonary conditions, such as pneumonia and asthma exacerbations. During the COVID-19 pandemic, several viruses exhibited changes in their epidemiological behavior. This study aims to evaluate the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of children with HRV pneumonia before and during the pandemic in Mexico.

Effect of Omicron on the prevalence of COVID-19 in international travelers at the Mexico city international airport. December 16th, 2021 to January 31st, 2022.

Introduction: SARS-CoV-2 continues to have a high rate of contagion worldwide. The new variant of concern, Omicron, has mutations that decrease the effectiveness of vaccines and evade antibodies from previous infections resulting in a fourth wave of the pandemic. It was identified in Mexico in December 2021.

Microglia HMC3 cells are highly susceptible to Rhinovirus infection.

Human rhinovirus (HRV) affects the lower and upper respiratory tract, however, some studies suggest that HRV infection can lead to extrapulmonary complications in critical illness. Moreover, some reports have shown the presence of HRV in patients with Central Nervous System (CNS) disease. During a CNS infection, the microglia cells are the first line of defense against pathogens.

The cellular and humoral immune response to influenza vaccination is comparable in asthmatic and healthy subjects.

Annual influenza vaccination is recommended as a preventive measure for all patients with asthma since asthma exacerbations in children and adults are associated to viral infections including influenza. There is concern about the adequate immune response in asthmatics with ICS treatment. The production of antibodies to influenza in asthmatics has been demonstrated.

Zinc Supplementation Promotes a Th1 Response and Improves Clinical Symptoms in Fewer Hours in Children With Pneumonia Younger Than 5 Years Old. A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.

Pneumonia caused 704,000 deaths in children younger than 5 years in 2015. Zinc is an important micronutrient due to its role in immune function. Since 2004, WHO recommends zinc supplementation for children with diarrhea to shorten the duration and decrease severity.

Humoral and cellular immune responses to influenza vaccination in children with cancer receiving chemotherapy.

The immune response to influenza vaccination in children with cancer is controversial. The objective of this study was to characterize the cellular and humoral immune responses to an influenza vaccine in children with cancer who were receiving chemotherapy. In this study, children with cancer, who were not previously immunized, received an influenza vaccine via intramuscular injection.

Increasing the time of exposure to aerosol measles vaccine elicits an immune response equivalent to that seen in 9-month-old Mexican children given the same dose subcutaneously.

Background: A 30-second aerosol measles vaccination successfully primes children 12 months of age and older but is poorly immunogenic when given to 9-month-old children. We examined the immune responses when increasing the duration to aerosol exposure in 9-month-olds.

Methods: One hundred and thirteen healthy 9-month-old children from Mexico City were enrolled; 58 received aerosol EZ measles vaccine for 2.