Television viewing time and risk of eating disorders in Spanish adolescents: AVENA and AFINOS studies.

Background: Effective preventive interventions for both eating disorders and obesity in adolescence should be focused on shared risk factors. We analyzed the association between television (TV) viewing time and the risk of eating disorders, as well as the potential role of obesity in this association.

Methods: The sample consisted of a total of 3458 Spanish adolescents, aged 13-18.

Nutrition and physical activity programs for obesity treatment (PRONAF study): methodological approach of the project.

Background: At present, scientific consensus exists on the multifactorial etiopatogenia of obesity. Both professionals and researchers agree that treatment must also have a multifactorial approach, including diet, physical activity, pharmacology and/or surgical treatment. These two last ones should be reserved for those cases of morbid obesities or in case of failure of the previous ones.

Excessive TV viewing and cardiovascular disease risk factors in adolescents. The AVENA cross-sectional study.

Background: Excessive television (TV) viewing might play an important role in the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The aim of this study was to examine the independent associations between TV viewing and CVD risk factors in adolescents.

Methods: A sample of 425 adolescents, aged 13- to 18.

Individual and combined effects of ApoE and MTHFR 677C/T polymorphisms on cognitive performance in Spanish adolescents: the AVENA study.

Objective: To examine the individual and combined associations of ApoE and MTHFR 677C/T polymorphisms with cognitive performance in adolescents.

Study Design: The study comprised 412 Spanish adolescents (13 to 18.5 years of age).

Design and evaluation of a treatment programme for Spanish adolescents with overweight and obesity. The EVASYON Study.

Background: The prevalence of overweight and obesity (OW/OB) among adolescents worldwide has increased since the 60 s. Spain has reached one of the highest OW/OB prevalence rates among adolescents from European countries. The aim of this methodological paper is to describe the design and evaluation in the EVASYON study (Development, implementation and evaluation of the efficacy of a therapeutic programme for adolescents with OW/OB: integral education on nutrition and physical activity).

Interplay between weight loss and gut microbiota composition in overweight adolescents.

The aim of this study was to determine the influence of an obesity treatment program on the gut microbiota and body weight of overweight adolescents. Thirty-six adolescents (13-15 years), classified as overweight according to the International Obesity Task Force BMI criteria, were submitted to a calorie-restricted diet (10-40%) and increased physical activity (15-23 kcal/kg body weight/week) program over 10 weeks. Gut bacterial groups were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR before and after the intervention.

Truncal and abdominal fat as determinants of high triglycerides and low HDL-cholesterol in adolescents.

We examined whether abdominal and truncal adiposity, assessed with simple anthropometric indices, determines serum triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol levels independently of total adiposity amount in adolescents. A total of 547 Spanish adolescents (284 males and 263 females) aged 13-18.5 years were included in this study.

Birth weight and blood lipid levels in Spanish adolescents: influence of selected APOE, APOC3 and PPARgamma2 gene polymorphisms. The AVENA Study.

Background: There is increasing evidence indicating that genes involved in certain metabolic processes of cardiovascular diseases may be of particular influence in people with low body weight at birth. We examined whether the apolipoprotein (APO) E, APOC3 and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma-2 (PPARgamma2) polymorphisms influence the association between low birth weight and blood lipid levels in healthy adolescents aged 13-18.5 years.

Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase 677CT polymorphism and cobalamin, folate, and homocysteine status in Spanish adolescents.

Background: Folate and cobalamin are responsible for healthy growth. However, the B-vitamin and homocysteine status of adolescents is not well known. The aim was to assess the status of folate, cobalamin, and homocysteine in healthy Spanish adolescents.

Effect of the Ala12 allele in the PPARgamma-2 gene on the relationship between birth weight and body composition in adolescents: the AVENA study.

The intent of this study was to assess whether the effect of birth weight on later body composition is modified by Pro12Pro, Pro12Ala, and Ala12Ala genotypes of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma-2 (PPARgamma-2) gene. The PPARgamma-2 gene polymorphism was genotyped in 273 adolescents aged 13-18.5 y, born at term and whose birth weight was known.

[Lipid and metabolic profiles in adolescents are affected more by physical fitness than physical activity (AVENA study)].

Introduction And Objectives: To determine whether the level of physical activity or physical fitness (i.e., aerobic capacity and muscle strength) in Spanish adolescents influences lipid and metabolic profiles.

Cardiovascular fitness is negatively associated with homocysteine levels in female adolescents.

Objective: To examine the association between cardiovascular fitness and homocysteine levels in adolescents.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting: Madrid, Murcia, Granada, Santander, and Zaragoza, Spain.

Brain docosahexaenoic acid status and learning in young rats submitted to dietary long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid deficiency and supplementation limited to lactation.

N-3 fatty acid deficiency has been related to decreased docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and increased docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) levels in brain and to learning disadvantages. The influence of n-3 deficiency and supplementation on brain fatty acids and learning were investigated in young rats. Newborn Wistar rats were assigned to three groups of cross-foster mothers.

Breast-feeding and risk of hospitalization for all causes and fever of unknown origin.

Background: Breast-feeding has shown to give a reduction in the risk of hospitalization due to respiratory tract infections and gastrointestinal conditions during the first two years of life. The association of breast-feeding with all admission causes and with fever of unknown origin (FUO) was analysed.

Methods: A case-reference study in Cantabria (northern Spain) was carried out.

Expression and regulation of the transcriptional repressor ZNF43 in Ewing sarcoma cells.

In vitro, cells derived from Ewing sarcoma (ES) with the characteristic somatic rearrangement between the genes EWS and FLII can be induced to differentiate toward a neuronal phenotype by exposure to agents such as dibutyryl cyclic AMP (db cAMP) or retinoic acid. Therefore, expression of the chimeric Ews-Flil protein does not irreversibly block the capacity of Ewing cells to engage in the neuronal differentiation program initiated by these agents. To identify genes that might be involved in the maintenance of Ewing cells in their undifferentiated state, a PCR-based differential display method was used to compare gene expression patterns in Ewing cell lines with those induced to differentiate toward a neuronal phenotype.

Apolipoprotein C-III and E polymorphisms and cardiovascular syndrome, hyperlipidemia, and insulin resistance in renal transplantation.

Hyperlipidemia and insulin resistance frequently develop after renal transplantation, contributing to cardiovascular disease. Individual differences in response based upon genetic variations in proteins regulating lipidic and glucose tolerance metabolism could be expected. In the general population, the S2 allelic variant of the apoprotein (apo) C-III gene has been associated with hypertriglyceridemia and an insulin resistant state, whereas the E4 allele of the apo E has been associated with hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis.

Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in rat maternal milk, offspring brain and peripheral tissues in essential fatty acid deficiency.

Fatty acid status in humans is usually related to plasma or red blood cell fatty acid profiles. The aim of the study was to explore whether a maternal deficiency in dietary essential fatty acids would differentially affect lipid fractions in several tissues of the offspring, including brain. Female Wistar rats were fed an essential fatty acid-deficient diet during 3 months before mating.