Health-Related Quality of Life, Pain and Sleep in Patients with HIV Depending on the Clinical Situation: A Cross-Sectional Pilot Study.

Introduction: Health-related quality of life (HRQL), pain and sleep have been described as relevant traits in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The aim of this study is to describe and evaluate HRQL, pain and sleep and their interdependence in HIV-positive patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study on HIV-infected patients was conducted.

Recurrence of cystic echinococcosis in an endemic area: a retrospective study.

Background: Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a chronic, complex and neglected zoonotic disease. CE occurs worldwide. In humans, it may result in a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations, ranging from asymptomatic infection to fatal disease.

Screening for parasite infections in immigrant children from low-income countries.

Introduction: In Spain, minors represent approximately 20% of the immigration flow. Many of these immigrants come from countries in the tropics and sub-tropics where intestinal parasitic infections caused by helminths and protozoa are one of the major causes of human disease. The main objective of the present work was to describe parasite infections in a group of immigrant children.

Should parasitic disease be investigated in immigrant children with relative eosinophilia from tropical and sub-tropical regions?

Background: Immigrants to Spain are mainly from low- and middle-income countries, and around 20% are children. Absolute eosinophilia is defined as >0.45×10 eosinophilic leucocytes/L of peripheral blood.

Surveillance of Human Echinococcosis in Castilla-Leon (Spain) between 2000-2012.

Background: Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is an important health problem in many areas of the world including the Mediterranean region. However, the real CE epidemiological situation is not well established. In fact, it is possible that CE is a re-emerging disease due to the weakness of current control programs.

Population pharmacokinetic/pharmacogenetic model of lopinavir/ritonavir in HIV-infected patients.

Aim: This study aims to develop a population pharmacokinetic/pharmacogenetic model for lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) in European HIV-infected patients.

Materials & Methods: A total of 693 LPV/r plasma concentrations were assessed and 15 single-nucleotide polymorphisms were genotyped. The population pharmacokinetic/pharmacogenetic model was created using a nonlinear mixed-effect approach (NONMEM v.

Relevance of eosinophilia and hyper-IgE in immigrant children.

Immigrants from undeveloped countries are a growing problem in Europe. Spain has become a frequent destination for immigrants (20% of whom are children) because of its geographic location and its historic and cultural links with Africa and Latin America. Eosinophilia is frequent in adult immigrants, travelers and expatriates coming from tropical areas.

Disseminated infection due to Mycobacterium bovis after intravesical BCG instillation.

Intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) instillation has been adopted for the treatment of patients with superficial bladder cancer. Severe adverse events due to local instillation of BCG are uncommon, with an overall rate of serious complications of less than 5%. We report the case of an immunocompetent adult patient with multi-system effects, namely pneumonitis, granulomatous hepatitis and meningitis, who responded well to standard treatment for Mycobacterium bovis.

Dose reduction of efavirenz: an observational study describing cost-effectiveness, pharmacokinetics and pharmacogenetics.

Aim: Antiretroviral treatment implies a high cost to the healthcare system. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and economic impact of efavirenz (EFV) dose adjustment by monitoring plasma concentrations and pharmacogenetic analysis of the 516G>T CYP2B6 polymorphism.

Materials & Methods: One hundred and ninety HIV patients treated with EFV were studied.

Pylephlebitis: incidence and prognosis in a tertiary hospital.

Objectives: Septic thrombophlebitis of the portal vein or its branches, most often secondary to intra-abdominal infection is known as pylephlebitis. The frequency and the prognosis of this complication are unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the global and relative incidence of the most frequent intra-abdominal infections and the real prognosis of this disease.

Development of a highly sensitive loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method for the detection of Loa loa.

The filarial parasite Loa loa, the causative agent of loiasis, is endemic in Central and Western Africa infecting 3-13 million people. L. loa has been associated with fatal encephalopathic reactions in high Loa-infected individuals receiving ivermectin during mass drug administration programs for the control of onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis.

Study of hydatidosis-attributed mortality in endemic area.

Background: Cystic hydatid disease is still an important health problem in European Mediterranean areas. In spite of being traditionally considered as a "benign" pathology, cystic echinococcosis is an important cause of morbidity in these areas. Nevertheless, there are few analyses of mortality attributed to human hydatidosis.

Safety of the combined use of praziquantel and albendazole in the treatment of human hydatid disease.

There is still no well-established consensus about the clinical management of hydatidosis. Currently, surgery continues to be the first therapeutic option, although treatment with anti-parasitic drugs is indicated as an adjuvant to surgery to decrease the number of relapses and hydatid cyst size. When surgery is not possible, medical treatment is indicated.

Fever of unknown origin as the first manifestation of colonic pathology.

Fever of unknown origin (FUO) is an entity caused by more than 200 diseases. Haematologic neoplasms are the most common malignant cause of FUO. Fever as a first symptom of colonic tumour pathology, both benign and malignant, is a rare form of presentation.

Spontaneous pneumothorax in Wegener's granulomatosis: case report and literature review.

Background: Pulmonary manifestations of Wegener's granulomatosis (WG) are present in 45% of cases at the onset of the disease, and they reach 85% of the patients during its evolution. Pulmonary affection usually starts with unspecific symptoms such as cough, dyspnea, hemoptysis, and pleuritis. Pulmonary nodules are 1 of the most common manifestations.

Cystic echinococcosis in Spain: current situation and relevance for other endemic areas in Europe.

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) remains an important health problem in many regions of the world, both where no control measures have been implemented, and where control programs have been incompletely successful with ensuing re-emergence of the disease. In Spain, official data on CE show an increase in the proportion of intermediate hosts with CE during the last few years, and autochthonous pediatric patients have been reported, a sign of active local transmission of disease. A similar picture emerges from data reported to the European Food Safety Authority by other European countries.

Long-term efficacy and safety of efavirenz dose reduction to 200 mg once daily in a Caucasian patient with HIV.

A 48-year-old Caucasian male patient presented with severe adverse drug events (ADEs) while being treated with a standard dose (600 mg/day) of efavirenz. The patient's clinical course was favourable; however, he also described intense nightmares, cramps in his legs and anxiety disturbances that made him highly irritable. Measurement of the patient's efavirenz plasma concentrations revealed a mean minimum steady-state concentration during a dosage interval (C(min,ss)) of 12.

Primary super-infection of hydatid cyst--clinical setting and microbiology in 37 cases.

The clinical and microbiological characteristics of super-infected hydatid cysts are described. In our cohort, 7.3% of 503 patients had a super-infected cyst.