Reptin52 expression during in vitro neural differentiation of human embryonic stem cells.

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) give rise to all somatic cell types, including neural cells such as astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and neurons. Commitment of hESC to a neural fate can be achieved via selection and expansion of developing neural stem cells, which, grown into non-adhering colonies called neurospheres, express nestin, a neurofilament marker. Analysis of hESC and hESC-derived neural stem cell nuclear extracts revealed an increased expression of Reptin52 in neurosphere nuclei.

2-D DIGE identification of differentially expressed heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins and transcription factors during neural differentiation of human embryonic stem cells.

Neural stem cells (NSC) are progenitors that can give rise to all neural lineages. They are found in specific niches of fetal and adult brains and grow in vitro as non-adherent colonies, the neurospheres. These cells express the intermediate filament nestin, commonly considered an NSC marker.

Human embryonic and mesenchymal stem cells express different nuclear proteomes.

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are characterized by their immortality and pluripotency. Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC), on the other hand, have limited self-renewal and differentiation capabilities. The underlying molecular differences that account for this characteristic self-renewal and plasticity are, however, poorly understood.

Enhanced nuclear proteomics.

Nuclear proteomics provides an opportunity to examine protein effectors that contribute to cellular phenotype. Both the quality and sensitivity of gel-based nuclear proteomics are limited, however, by the over-representation of histones in the protein mixture. These highly charged proteins overshadow rare species and interfere with IEF.

Nuclear proteomics and directed differentiation of embryonic stem cells.

During the past decade, regenerative medicine has been the subject of intense interest due, in large part, to our growing knowledge of embryonic stem (ES) cell biology. ES cells give rise to cell lineages from the three primordial germ layers--endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm. This process needs to be channeled if these cells are to be differentiated efficiently and used subsequently for therapeutic purposes.