[Validity studies in laparoscopic simulation. Methodology and design considerations.].

Objectives: To describe a roadmap of the most representative milestones and considerations in the validation of surgical simulators, especially those of laparoscopic surgery. And additionally, help determine when in this process a simulator can be considered as validated.

Methods: A non-systematic review was carried out searching terms like simulation, validation, training, assessment, skills and learning curve, as well as providing the experience accumulated by our center.

[Evaluation of competencies in urology. Esscolap® basic, as aproximation to urologists skills improvement.].

Unlabelled: Urology needs models of competencies assessment, although there is a wide range of tools not yet integrated into the official training programs.

Context: At present, there is no universal framework for measuring surgeons' level of competence. Urology training programs should provide and consider knowledge, pyschomotor/cognitive skills, and simulator, cadaver or animal models-based training.

[Training in basic and advanced laparoscopy: Evaluation of a 30-year experience in a training program in Spain.].

The lack of globally established standards for learning urological laparoscopy has not prevented laparoscopic techniques from evolution and continuous development. Laparoscopy coexists with robotic surgery today, and in the last decade there have been many techniques that have undergone a boom with the use of a laparoscopic approach (total and partial nephrectomy, pyeloplasty, colposacropexy, etc.).

Porcine Model In The Laparoscopic Liver Surgery Training.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the possibility to use live anesthetized pigs as a model for laparoscopic liver resection. During two days laparoscopy course two trainees were operating on two live animals performing exposure of the liver, Pringle manoeuver, division of liver ligaments, dissecting of the structures inside the hepatoduodenal ligament, dissection of the hepatic veins and left lateral liver sectionectomy. Exposure of the liver and Pringle manoeuver were performed correctly within 50 and 35 minutes.

Application of failure mode and effect analysis in laparoscopic colon surgery training.

Aim: To evaluate if application of failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) to laparoscopy training can help surgeons acquire laparoscopy skills.

Methods: After preparing a FMEA matrix of laparoscopic sigmoidectomy, we have introduced it during three laparoscopy courses. Forty-eight surgeons, divided into 24 teams of two surgeons, have participated in three courses.

Comparison of single access devices during cut and suturing tasks on simulator.

Background: Published comparisons of the different available laparoendoscopic single-site surgery (LESS) devices focused on its economic cost and technical aspects. With this study, we aimed to objectively compare the use of three different LESS access devices in controlled experimental tasks.

Materials And Methods: Twenty subjects participated in simulator trials.

Early postoperative complications of transvaginal access in minimally invasive sigmoid colon procedures.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate early (the first 30 days) postoperative complications after transvaginal resection of the sigmoid colon.

Material And Methods: A total of 23 laparoscopy-assisted transvaginal resections of the sigmoid colon and 1 NOTES transvaginal sigmoid resection were performed in the course of 3 years. Postoperative complications were recorded in a prospective manner.

Ureteral obstruction swine model through laparoscopy and single port for training on laparoscopic pyeloplasty.

This study aims firstly to assess the most adequate surgical approach for the creation of an ureteropelvic juntion obstruction (UPJO) animal model, and secondly to validate this model for laparoscopic pyeloplasty training among urologists. Thirty six Large White pigs (28.29±5.

[Training and research in urologic laparoscopic surgery. Design of training programs and experimental models of renal tumor].

We present our experience with surgical training programs development for basic and advanced laparoscopic urological surgery. Both training programs consist of 21 and 28 hours respectively. Basic surgical programs start with general knowledge of ergonomics and instrumentation, there after, attendants acquire basic skills on physical simulator.

Transvaginal sigmoid cancer resection: first case with 12 months of follow-up--technique description.

Objective: Several minimally invasive techniques using natural orifices as an entrance site to the peritoneal cavity have been described recently. Pure natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) techniques have been mainly implemented to perform cholecystectomies and appendectomies, while more complex operations like colon resections have been described in a hybrid setting and with the use of the transumbilical approach. Here we describe the technique of transvaginal sigmoid colon resection for cancer with standard laparoscopy equipment.

Totally transvaginal resection of the descending colon in an experimental model.

Background: Natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES), although in its embryonic phase, is currently experiencing important developments. The technique has been successfully applied for cholecystectomies and appendectomies. However, several doubts exist as to the technical limitations and feasibility of NOTES in other clinical settings.

[Ergonomics in laparoscopic surgery and its importance in surgical training].

Despite the many advantages that laparoscopic surgery has for patients, it involves a series of risks for the surgeon. These are related to the reduced freedom of movement and forced postures which lead to greater muscle fatigue than with conventional surgery. In laparoscopic surgery there are few references on the introduction of training programs in ergonomics, despite the numerous advantages demonstrated in other disciplines.

[Training design and improvement of technical skills in the transvaginal cholecystectomy (NOTES)].

Introduction: The current surgical scenario of the surgery through natural orifices or <> requires acquiring new technical skills by the surgeon. We introduce the initial experience of the Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre Jesús Usón (MISCJU) in the design and setting-up of a surgical training programme using the the natural orifices approach for the acquisition of surgical skills and abilities, based on the preliminary trials in simulators and a pig model.

Material And Methods: After initial training, using a laparoscopic pelvic-trainer, 7 female pigs, with weights between 35-40 kg, were operated on.