Endoscopic versus laparoscopic treatment for choledocholithiasis: a prospective randomized controlled trial.

Overall, 5 % to 15 % of patients undergoing cholecystectomy for cholelithiasis have concomitant bile duct stones, and the incidence of choledocholithiasis increases with age. There is no clear consensus on the best therapeutic approach (endoscopic versus surgical). A prospective randomized controlled clinical trial was performed to compare three treatment options for patients with choledocholithiasis at the National Center for Minimally Invasive Surgery in Havana, Cuba from November 2007 to November 2011.

Severe halitosis as presentation of epiphrenic diverticulum.

Halitosis is a common condition, whose main etiology does not respond to diseases of the gastrointestinal system. Epiphrenic diverticula are a rare cause of this manifestation, thus they are not frequent and they are usually asymptomatic. However, they may produce symptoms with inability for patient.