Correction: Influenza vaccination hesitancy in five countries of South America. Confidence, complacency and convenience as determinants of immunization rates.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

COVID-19 Vaccination Hesitancy in Mexico City among Healthy Adults and Adults with Chronic Diseases: A Survey of Complacency, Confidence, and Convenience Challenges in the Transition to Endemic Control.

Background. Monitoring of SARS-COV-2 vaccine hesitancy is important for epidemic control. We measured vaccine hesitancy among healthy adults and adults with chronic diseases after they had been offered the first dose of the vaccine in Mexico City.

Barriers and facilitators to influenza vaccination observed by officers of national immunization programs in South America countries with contrasting coverage rates.

Influenza is a severe, vaccine-preventable disease. Vaccination programs across Latin American countries show contrasting coverage rates, from 29% in Paraguay to 89% in Brazil. This study explores how national influenza vaccination programs in the chosen South American countries address vaccine confidence and convenience, as well as complacency toward the disease.

Influenza vaccination hesitancy in large urban centers in South America. Qualitative analysis of confidence, complacency and convenience across risk groups.

Influenza vaccination coverage in countries of Latin America is low among priority risk groups, ranging from 5 to 75% among older people. This paper aims to describe and analyze the determinants of influenza vaccination hesitancy through the lens of the 3C model of confidence, complacency and convenience among middle-class, urban risk group populations in Brazil, Chile, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, countries in South America with contrasting vaccination coverage. Focus groups were conducted among four risk groups: pregnant women, mothers of children aged <6 years, adults with risk factors, and adults aged ≥60 years in samples of urban residents.

Influenza vaccination hesitancy in five countries of South America. Confidence, complacency and convenience as determinants of immunization rates.

Introduction: Influenza morbidity and mortality are significant in the countries of South America, yet influenza vaccination is as low as 56.7% among pregnant women, reaching 76.7% of adults with chronic diseases.

Diabetes care innovation in the Mexican Institute for Social Insurance: Scaling up the preventive chronic disease care model to address critical coverage constraints.

Background: With diabetes prevalence in Mexico at 11.3% of adults, the Mexican Institute of Social Insurance (IMSS) is piloting the Chronic Disease Preventive Model (CDPM). CDPM includes intensive patient education, care by multidisciplinary teams and risk management in primary care.

The importance of confidence, complacency, and convenience for influenza vaccination among key risk groups in large urban areas of Peru.

Influenza vaccination has been available under Peru's national immunization program since 2008, but vaccination coverage has decreased lately. Surveys and focus groups were conducted among four risk groups (pregnant women, mothers of children aged <6 years, adults with risk factors, and adults aged ≥65 years) to identify factors affecting influenza vaccine hesitancy in Peru. The 3Cs model (Confidence, Complacency, and Convenience) was used as a conceptual framework for the study.

Increased Risk of Hospitalization and Death in Patients with COVID-19 and Pre-existing Noncommunicable Diseases and Modifiable Risk Factors in Mexico.

Background: The population in Mexico has high prevalence rates of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). Hospitalization and death of COVID-19 patients in the countries most affected by the pandemic has been associated to chronic comorbidities.

Objective: To describe the prevalence of NCDs in patients with COVID-19 in Mexico and analyze the increased risk due to comorbidities and risk factors on hospitalization, utilization of intensive care units and death.

Health policy and systems research publications in Latin America warrant the launching of a new specialised regional journal.

Background: Scientific journals play a critical role in research validation and dissemination and are increasingly vocal about the identification of research priorities and the targeting of research results to key audiences. No new journals specialising in health policy and systems research (HPSR) and focusing in the developing world or in a specific developing world region have been established since the early 1980s. This paper compares the growth of publications on HPSR across Latin America and the world and explores the potential, feasibility and challenges of innovative publication strategies.

Loss of job-related right to healthcare associated with employment turnover: challenges for the Mexican health system.

Background: The Mexican health system segments access and right to healthcare according to worker position in the labour market. In this contribution we analyse how access and continuity of healthcare gets interrupted by employment turnover in the labour market, including its formal and informal sectors, as experienced by affiliates to the Mexican Institute of Social Security (IMSS) at national level, and of workers with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in Mexico City.

Methods: Using data from the National Employment and Occupation Survey, 2014, and from IMSS electronic medical records for workers in Mexico City, we estimated annual employment turnover rates to measure the loss of healthcare access due to labour market dynamics.

Loss of job-related right to healthcare is associated with reduced quality and clinical outcomes of diabetic patients in Mexico.

Objectives: The Mexican Institute of Social Security (IMSS) provides a package of health, economic and social benefits to workers employed in private firms within the formal labour market and to their economic dependants. Affiliates have a right to these benefits only while they remain contracted, thus posing a risk for the continuity of healthcare. This study evaluates the association between the time (in days) without the right to healthcare due to job loss in the formal labour market and the quality of healthcare and clinical outcomes among IMSS affiliates with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

[What is purchased, how and from whom by Seguro Popular in Mexico? Experience with strategic purchasing at national level and in a pioneer institution].

Objective:: To analyze the scope of demand subsidies through strategic purchasing of health services.

Materials And Methods:: Interviews and document analyses at national level and a case study of the state of Hidalgo.

Results:: SPSS explicitly prioritizes interventions to be financed and regulates prices and expenditure ceilings.

[Financial allocations in the System for Social Protection in Health in Mexico: challenges for strategic purchasing].

Objective:: The financial coordination of the System of Social Protection in Health (SPSS) was analyzed to assess its support to strategic purchasing.

Materials And Methods:: Official reports and surveys were analyzed.

Results:: SPSS covers a capita of 2 765 Mexican pesos, equivalent to 0.

Medical Expenditure for Chronic Diseases in Mexico: The Case of Selected Diagnoses Treated by the Largest Care Providers.

Background: Chronic diseases (CD) are a public health emergency in Mexico. Despite concern regarding the financial burden of CDs in the country, economic studies have focused only on diabetes, hypertension, and cancer. Furthermore, these estimated financial burdens were based on hypothetical epidemiology models or ideal healthcare scenarios.

Mapping the use of research to support strategies tackling maternal and child health inequities: evidence from six countries in Africa and Latin America.

Background: Striving to foster collaboration among countries suffering from maternal and child health (MCH) inequities, the MASCOT project mapped and analyzed the use of research in strategies tackling them in 11 low- and middle-income countries. This article aims to present the way in which research influenced MCH policies and programs in six of these countries - three in Africa and three in Latin America.

Methods: Qualitative research using a thematic synthesis narrative process was used to identify and describe who is producing what kind of research, how research is funded, how inequities are approached by research and policies, the countries' research capacities, and the type of evidence base that MCH policies and programs use.

[Challenges in the implementation of clinical practice guidelines in major public health institutions in Mexico: A multiple case study].

Objective: To identify, prioritize and relate barriers and facilitators in the implementation of Clinical Practice Guidelines (GPC, in Spanish).

Materials And Methods: We used qualitative methods to study and compare the introduction of GPC across the domains of the consolidated research implementation framework in hospitals of the three main public institutions in a state of Mexico. Authorities and hospital staff were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire.

[The strategic purchasing of health services: a big opportunity for the National Universal Health System].

proposed to establish a service packages, whether through a single obligatory list or through the definition of a flexible, high priority set to be offered to specific populations according to their economic possibilities. For the strategic purchasing of services, two alternatives are proposed: to assign the fund either to a single national manager or to each of the existing public provider institutions, with the expectation that they would contract across each other and with private providers to fulfill their complementary needs.The proposal does not consider the risks and alternatives to a single tax contribution fund, which could have been suggested given that it is not an essential part of a National Universal Health System.

[Diagnosis of capacity to perform essential public health functions in the Central American countries, the Dominican Republic, and the Mexican states of Chiapas and Quintana Roo].

Objective: Characterize the capacity of public and private institutions in the Central American countries, the Dominican Republic, and the Mexican states of Chiapas and Quintana Roo to perform essential public health functions (EPHFs).

Methods: An online survey of 83 organizations in Belize, Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, and the Mexican states of Chiapas and Quintana Roo was conducted to learn about their capacity to perform each of the 11 EPHFs. The results were validated in a workshop with representatives of the ministries of health from the seven countries and the two participating Mexican states.

[Problems of the health system in Mexican states with high incidence of maternal mortality].

Objective: To identify and prioritize problems in states' health systems which limit the efficacy of interventions to prevent maternal mortality.

Materials And Methods: We made a conceptual mapping of priority problems perceived as such by communities of practice (COP) in four states with high ratios of maternal mortality in Mexico. Then, the four COP reviewed the literature and refined their formulation of previously identified problems.

[Use of migrant's remittances from California on dependent's healthcare in Mexico].

Objective: This paper focuses on public and private healthcare utilization among dependents living in Mexico of Mexican migrants in California, analyzing the link between remittances and enrollment in Seguro Popular, a social health insurance plan.

Materials And Methods: We surveyed 1353 migrants who visited the Mexican consulate of Los Angeles in 2010.

Results: 53.

Redressing the limitations of the Affordable Care Act for Mexican immigrants through bi-national health insurance: a willingness to pay study in Los Angeles.

The 12.4 million Mexican migrants in the United States (US) face considerable barriers to access health care, with 45% of them being uninsured. The Affordable Care Act (ACA) does not address lack of insurance for some immigrants, and the excluded groups are a large proportion of the Mexican-American community.

Disease control and health systems in low- and middle-income countries: enhancing positive interrelation.

There is a growing interest in improving the relationship between disease control programmes and the rest of the health system in low- and middle-income countries. This short study seeks to contribute to this movement by providing a multi-dimensional approach for policy-makers and researchers. It recognizes the different and often conflicting perspectives in health systems held by stakeholders.

[Factors associated with the demand for delivery care in Mexico].

Objective: Analyze the factors associated with the utilization of delivery care institutions in Mexico in order to document the functional integration of health institutions.

Materials And Methods: Based on the 2006 National Health and Nutrition Survey, information from women whose last birth was between 2000 and 2005 was used. Chi square was used to test differences between institutions used and health insurance type.