A non-intrusive Industry 4.0 retrofitting approach for collaborative maintenance in traditional manufacturing.

The recent COVID-19 outbreak impact on the world economy has boosted the increasing business needs to force manufacturing plants adapting to unpredictable changes and ensuring the continuity of industrial production. The demand for asset monitoring solutions and specialised support at the shop floor has become an increasingly important digital priority in industry that pushes human-machine technological upgrades leading to digital workforce skills assessment. In the case of traditional manufacturing, Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) face the challenge of managing digital technologies and Industry 4.