Accident due to Incorrect Selection of Diode Laser Technique in the Treatment of Oral Venous Malformation.

Venous malformation (VM) originates from a congenital venous network disorder, configuring about 40% of the vascular anomalies that occur in the head and neck region. The usage of diode lasers in the treatment of VM is associated with various advantages, such as short operating time and few postoperative complications. Nevertheless, for larger and deeper VM treatment, it may require more than one session for the complete resolution of the lesion.

COVID-19 and Oral Mucosal Lesions: a Systematic Review.

Introduction: COVID-19 disease is caused by a mutated strain of the coronavirus family "SARS-CoV-2". It affects especially the respiratory system, but many clinical manifestations outside this system have been reported. Oral manifestations are uncommon, however, with the absence of common signs, they may represent the onset of COVID-19 disease.

Erythema Multiforme as Early Manifestation of COVID-19: A Case Report.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a viral infection involving multi-organ manifestations. The main oral symptoms of COVID-19 associated are taste loss and xerostomia, but literature has reported other oral manifestation, such as oral blisters, ulcers, vesicles and other immunological lesions. This case report showed an Erythema Multiforme (EM) manifesting as oral mucosa lesions in a patient with a late diagnosis of COVID-19 infection.

Comparison of Two Root Canal Filling Techniques: Obturation with Guttacore Carrier Based System and Obturation with Guttaflow2 Fluid Gutta-Percha.

Introduction: The aim of the present study was to compare the quality of the root canal obturation obtained with two different techniques, i.e., thermoplastic gutta-percha introduced through a carrier (GuttaCore) and fluid gutta-percha (GuttaFlow2).

Comparison of two different debonding techniques in orthodontic treatment.

Aim: The purpose of this research is to investigate whether and how the adhesive bond failure site varied in relation to the material used for the orthodontic bonding and debonding technique applied.

Materials And Methods: Two different methods of orthodontic debonding were included in our survey; cutters for orthodontics and debonding plier. Three different materials for the adhesion of the bracket: composite light curing, self-curing composite and glass ionomer cement.

The effects of low level laser irradiation on proliferation of human dental pulp: a narrative review.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the capability for self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation in various types of specialized cells, so they are very important in cellular therapies. MSC from dental pulp are simply obtainable and have high proliferative capability. Among the therapies that can stimulate the proliferation of certain cell types, low-level laser therapy (LLLT) stands out.

Comparison between three glass fiber post cementation techniques.

Objective: The aim of this experimental study was to compare the traditional cement systems with those of the latest generation, to assess if indeed these could represent of viable substitutes in the cementation of indirect restorations, and in the specific case of endodontic posts.

Methods: The assessment of the validity of the cementing methods was performed according to the test of the push-out, conducted on sections obtained from the roots of treated teeth. The samples were divided into three groups.

Classification review of dental adhesive systems: from the IV generation to the universal type.

Adhesive dentistry has undergone great progress in the last decades. In light of minimal-invasive dentistry, this new approach promotes a more conservative cavity design, which relies on the effectiveness of current enamel-dentine adhesives. Adhesive dentistry began in 1955 by Buonocore on the benefits of acid etching.

Benchmarking matching color in composite restorations.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the color samples (A2, A3 and B1) of three different brands of resin composites using dentine masses. 135 discs were prepared (5 plates for each thickness, color and brand of composite material). A colorimetric evaluation, using white and black background, was performed just after preparation.

Endo-restorative treatment of a severly discolored upper incisor: resolution of the "aesthetic" problem through Componeer veneering System.

Aim: Re-establishing a patient's lost dental aesthetic appearance is one of the most important topics for contemporary dentistry. New treatment materials and methods have been coming on the scene, day by day, in order to achieve such an aim. Most dentists prefer more conservative and aesthetic approaches, such as direct or indirect veneer restorations, instead of full-ceramic crowns for anteriors where aesthetics is really important.

Evaluation of over-etching technique in the endodontically treated tooth restoration.

The main purpose of a post-endodontic restoration with posts is to guarantee the retention of the restorative material. The aim of the study was to examine, through the push-out test, how bond strength between the post and the dentin varied with etching time with 37% orthophosphoric acid, before cementation of a glass fiber post. Moreover, it has been examined if over-etching (application time of the acid: 2 minutes) was an effective technique to improve the adhesion to the endodontic substrate, after highlighting the problems of adhesion concerning its anatomical characteristics and the changes after the endodontic treatment.

Nano-hydroxyapatite and its applications in preventive, restorative and regenerative dentistry: a review of literature.

This study aims to critically summarize the literature about nano-hydroxyapatite. The purpose of this work is to analyze the benefits of using nano-hydroxyapatite in dentistry, especially for its preventive, restorative and regenerative applications. We also provide an overview of new dental materials, still experimental, which contain the nano-hydroxyapatite in its nano-crystalline form.

Root canal obturation: experimental study on the thermafil system related to different irrigation protocols.

Aim: The aim of this study was to stress the ability of a specific obturation technique (thermafil technique) to seal root canal system in presence or absence of smear layer.

Methodology: Sixteen monoradicular teeth, extracted for periodontal reasons, were collected for this study. All specimens were prepared with nickel-titanium rotary files, and then divided into two groups: for each group was applied a different kind of irrigation method, verifying the effectiveness in removing the smear layer, thus rendering the dentinal tubules more permeable for penetration of softened gutta-percha.

Er:YAG laser for brackets bonding: a SEM study after debonding.

Background: The introduction of Er:YAG laser in dentistry for ablation of hard tissues advocated an alternative method of enamel etching for orthodontics purpose.

Materials And Methods: 55 extracted human third molars were inserted in acrylic resin blocks and divided into five groups of 11 teeth. Group 1 was treated with 37% orthophosphoric acid for 30 seconds.

Biopsy of different oral soft tissues lesions by KTP and diode laser: histological evaluation.

Introduction: Oral biopsy aims to obtain clear and safe diagnosis; it can be performed by scalpel or laser. The controversy in this latter application is the thermal alteration due to tissue heating. The aim of this study is the histological evaluation of margins of "in vivo" biopsies collected by diode and KTP lasers.

Tooth wear among patients suffering from mental disorders.

Aim: Assess oral health, treatment needs and the correlation between tooth wear and medications in patients with psychiatric disease.

Methodology: 92 patients (40 male and 52 female) admitted in the Department of Neurology and Psychiatry of the Umberto I Hospital of Rome underwent an oral and dental clinical examination in accordance according to World Health Organization Basic Methods Criteria. One dentist performed all clinical examinations, training and calibration was carried out by an experienced clinical examiner.

Resolution of endodontic issues linked to complex anatomy.

Anatomical abnormalities of the root canal system are frequently seen in specialist endodontic practice, and represent a challenge to be faced with skill and thoroughness, beginning with an accurate diagnostic phase and devising the most appropriate treatment plan. Fortunately, much progress has been made in endodontic research thanks to technological advances and the evolution of higher performance instruments, which now consent even very complex cases to be resolved with relative ease. Below are described the salient features of recent progress in endodontics, along with a description of several clinical cases in which the operator has encountered numerous difficulties due to peculiar tooth morphology, overcome successfully thanks to the application of modern tools and consolidated clinical experience in the field.

Mozart: the toothache of a genius.

The medical history of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791) has been pieced together from his letters and from anecdotes, but his dental health is one aspect which has been somewhat overlooked. It is known that, from an early age, he suffered from toothache and tooth abscesses, problems that may even have had other medical repercussions. In this paper, the authors explore and consider whether these negative experiences might have influenced Mozart's work and his attitude to teeth and dental pathologies.

Shaping outcomes using two Ni-Ti rotary instruments in simulated canals.

Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the shaping ability of Mtwo and ProTaper instruments in simulated curved root canals in resin blocks.

Methods: The study was carried out using 40 simulated canals in resin blocks, all of which had the same canal diameter (0.70 mm>D>0.

Endodontic treatment of a fused tooth. Report of a case.

Dental fusion, a rare developmental anomaly present in 0.2% of the general population, consists of the union of two teeth originating from two different tooth germs. The irregular coronal morphology and the complex endodontic anatomy, characterized by the partial or total union of the pulp chambers, together with the peculiarity of the root canal systems, make diagnosis, therapy and rehabilitation difficult.

Bond strength to deep coronal dentin: effect of bonding strategies.

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate bond strength at the composite-adhesive-deep dentin interface following pre-treatment with sodium hypochlorite using 4 different types of enamel-dentin adhesive and a composite for the core.

Methods: From 60 healthy human molars, cylindrical samples (3 mm high) were obtained using a special slow-speed saw. Cavities with 2-5-mm diameters were made in all the samples.

[Treatment of curved canals: from stainless steel to nickel titanium].

Endodontic treatment of curved canals is always more difficult than straight canals, especially for the apical zone preparation: root canals may present several curvatures in different space directions. From an anatomical point of view root canals with accentuated curvatures are a very frequent event (more than we might think); radiological exams, in fact, give us only a 2D image, and we can observe mesial or distal curvatures but not those in the oral or buccal direction. However, all root canals have curvatures of some degrees; even those that appear straight.

[Dental management of patients with cardiovascular disease].

Authors present the management of patients affected by cardiovascular disease undergoing oral surgical treatment. Oral surgery may influence the health of these patients because of three factors: psychological stress, anesthesia and daily pharmacological therapy. Dentists have to know and apply preventive rules to avoid the risks of medical complications during surgical treatment, they also have to be able to manage cardiological emergencies wherever they occur.

[Posterior vertical dimension and condylo-discal non-coordination of the temporomandibular joint. Hypothesis on correlation].

Background: On the basis of clinical evidence, an analytic study has been carried out to verify the hypothetic correlation between reduction of the posterior vertical overlap and internal derangements.

Methods: 58 patients with temporomandibular disorders have been observed; they presented clinically a reduction of the posterior vertical dimension (RPVD) due either to the loss of molar teeth or to the molar occlusal surface abrasion or to a wrong prosthetic rehabilitation. A cephalometric exam showed a significative correspondence between the RPVD and the retruded condylar position in the glenoidae fossa with a reduction of posterior joint space in comparison with the standard values purposed by Farrar.