High dietary salt intake increases urinary NGAL excretion and creatinine clearance in healthy young adults.

In rodents and older patients with elevated blood pressure (BP), high dietary sodium increases excretion of biomarkers of kidney injury, but it is unclear whether this effect occurs in healthy young adults. The purpose of this study was to determine whether short-term high dietary salt increases urinary excretion of the kidney injury biomarkers neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) in healthy young adults. Twenty participants participated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized crossover study.

Ten days of high dietary sodium does not impair cerebral blood flow regulation in healthy adults.

High dietary sodium impairs cerebral blood flow regulation in rodents and is associated with increased stroke risk in humans. However, the effects of multiple days of high dietary sodium on cerebral blood flow regulation in humans is unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine whether ten days of high dietary sodium impairs cerebral blood flow regulation.

A high salt meal does not impair cerebrovascular reactivity in healthy young adults.

A high sodium (Na ) meal impairs peripheral vascular function. In rodents, chronic high dietary Na impairs cerebral vascular function, and in humans, habitual high dietary Na is associated with increased stroke risk. However, the effects of acute high dietary Na on the cerebral vasculature in humans are unknown.

Short-term water deprivation attenuates the exercise pressor reflex in older female adults.

Older adults have reduced fluid intake and impaired body fluid and electrolyte regulation. Older female adults exhibit exaggerated exercise blood pressure (BP) responses, which is associated with an increased risk of adverse cardiovascular events. However, it is unclear if dysregulated body fluid homeostasis contributes to altered exercise BP responses in older female adults.

High Salt Intake Augments Blood Pressure Responses During Submaximal Aerobic Exercise.

Background High sodium (Na) intake is a widespread cardiovascular disease risk factor. High Na intake impairs endothelial function and exaggerates sympathetic reflexes, which may augment exercising blood pressure (BP) responses. Therefore, this study examined the influence of high dietary Na on BP responses during submaximal aerobic exercise.

The Impact of High Dietary Sodium Consumption on Blood Pressure Variability in Healthy, Young Adults.

Background: High sodium (Na+) intake augments blood pressure variability (BPV) in normotensive rodents, without changes in resting blood pressure (BP). Augmented BPV is associated with end-organ damage and cardiovascular morbidity. It is unknown if changes in dietary Na+ influence BPV in humans.

Ruthenium under ultrafast laser excitation: Model and dataset for equation of state, conductivity, and electron-ion coupling.

Interaction of ultrashort laser pulses with materials can bring the latter to highly non-equilibrium states, where the electronic temperature strongly differs from the ionic one. The properties of such excited material can be considerably different from those in a hot, but equilibrium state. The reliable modeling of laser-irradiated target requires careful analysis of its properties in both regimes.

Short-term water deprivation does not increase blood pressure variability or impair neurovascular function in healthy young adults.

High dietary salt increases arterial blood pressure variability (BPV) in salt-resistant, normotensive rodents and is thought to result from elevated plasma [Na] sensitizing central sympathetic networks. Our purpose was to test the hypothesis that water deprivation (WD)-induced elevations in serum [Na] augment BPV via changes in baroreflex function and sympathetic vascular transduction in humans. In a randomized crossover fashion, 35 adults [17 female/18 male, age: 25 ± 4 yr, systolic/diastolic blood pressure (BP): 107 ± 11/60 ± 7 mmHg, body mass index: 23 ± 3 kg/m] completed two hydration protocols: a euhydration control condition (CON) and a stepwise reduction in water intake over 3 days, concluding with 16 h of WD.

Salt Loading Blunts Central and Peripheral Postexercise Hypotension.

Introduction: High salt intake is a widespread cardiovascular risk factor with systemic effects. These effects include an expansion of plasma volume, which may interfere with postexercise hypotension (PEH). However, the effects of high salt intake on central and peripheral indices of PEH remain unknown.

A high-salt meal does not augment blood pressure responses during maximal exercise.

Augmented blood pressure (BP) responses during exercise are predictive of future cardiovascular disease. High dietary sodium (Na) increases BP responses during static exercise. It remains unclear if high dietary Na augments BP responses during dynamic exercise.

Water deprivation does not augment sympathetic or pressor responses to sciatic afferent nerve stimulation in rats or to static exercise in humans.

Excess dietary salt intake excites central sympathetic networks, which may be related to plasma hypernatremia. Plasma hypernatremia also occurs following water deprivation (WD). The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that WD induces hypernatremia and consequently augments sympathetic and pressor responses to sympathoexcitatory stimuli in rats and humans.

Relation between resting sympathetic outflow and vasoconstrictor responses to sympathetic nerve bursts: sex differences in healthy young adults.

Previous studies have demonstrated an inverse relation between resting muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) and vasoconstrictor responsiveness (i.e., sympathetic transduction), such that those with high resting MSNA have low vascular responsiveness, and vice versa.

Reducing Dietary Sodium to 1000 mg per Day Reduces Neurovascular Transduction Without Stimulating Sympathetic Outflow.

The American Heart Association recommends no more than 1500 mg of sodium/day as ideal. Some cohort studies suggest low-sodium intake is associated with increased cardiovascular mortality. Extremely low-sodium diets (≤500 mg/d) elicit activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and stimulate sympathetic outflow.

Solitary Nanostructures Produced by Ultrashort Laser Pulse.

Laser-produced surface nanostructures show considerable promise for many applications while fundamental questions concerning the corresponding mechanisms of structuring are still debated. Here, we present a simple physical model describing those mechanisms happened in a thin metal film on dielectric substrate irradiated by a tightly focused ultrashort laser pulse. The main ingredients included into the model are (i) the film-substrate hydrodynamic interaction, melting and separation of the film from substrate with velocity increasing with increase of absorbed fluence; (ii) the capillary forces decelerating expansion of the expanding flying film; and (iii) rapid freezing into a solid state if the rate of solidification is comparable or larger than hydrodynamic velocities.

Enhanced airborne polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) concentrations and chlorination downwind of Lake Ontario.

Air samples were collected simultaneously at three sites downwind of Lake Ontario and at a control site near Lake Erie from March to July of 1999. The Lake Erie site (Stockton, NY) had PCB concentrations similar to rural Integrated Atmospheric Deposition Network (IADN) sampling sites across the Great Lakes, exhibited limited seasonal variation, and approximates regional background. Samples taken along Lake Ontario's southeastern shore (Rice Creek and Sterling, NY) had elevated PCB concentrations averaging approximately 1 ng/m3 and were more chlorinated than air collected at IADN sites and at Stockton.

[Preliminary evaluation of the effectiveness of induction chemotherapy with cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil in patients with advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck].

Results of combined treatment with the use of induction chemotherapy with cisplatinum and 5-fluorouracil in 28 patients with advanced squamous cell head and neck cancer are presented. Treatment schedule included cisplatinum 100 mg/m2 i.v.

[Investigation of total body irradiation in patients with advanced centrocytic-centroblastic and centroblastic lymphomas. II. Clinical observations].

A pilot group of 19 patients with advanced non-Hodgkin's lymphomas has been treated applying the own technique of total body irradiation. The total dose amounted to 200 cGy, delivered in 20 fractions with triple weekly fractionation. The additional irradiation of neoplastic foci persisting after total body irradiation has been also applied.

[Investigation of total body irradiation in patients with advanced centrocytic-centroblastic and centroblastic lymphomas. I. Therapeutic technics].

The own technique of 60CO total body irradiation of patients with advanced non-Hodgkin's lymphomas is presented. The dose in the center of the pelvis has been theoretically calculated and verified by measurements on the anatomical phantom of the Alderson-Rando type and by in vivo measurements on patients applying the intrarectal probe with thermoluminescence dosimeters.