Airborne DNA reveals predictable spatial and seasonal dynamics of fungi.

Fungi are among the most diverse and ecologically important kingdoms in life. However, the distributional ranges of fungi remain largely unknown as do the ecological mechanisms that shape their distributions. To provide an integrated view of the spatial and seasonal dynamics of fungi, we implemented a globally distributed standardized aerial sampling of fungal spores.

Global Spore Sampling Project: A global, standardized dataset of airborne fungal DNA.

Novel methods for sampling and characterizing biodiversity hold great promise for re-evaluating patterns of life across the planet. The sampling of airborne spores with a cyclone sampler, and the sequencing of their DNA, have been suggested as an efficient and well-calibrated tool for surveying fungal diversity across various environments. Here we present data originating from the Global Spore Sampling Project, comprising 2,768 samples collected during two years at 47 outdoor locations across the world.

A revised genus-level classification for ().

is a small family of polypores and hydnoid fungi in the order (). The family consists of white-rot fungi, some of which are serious tree pathogens. Combining morphological evidence with a phylogenetic dataset of six genetic markers, we revise generic concepts in the family and propose a seven-genus classification system for the family.

Additions to and outline of taxa with branched hyphidia in ().

The genus is a monophyletic group that belongs to () and accommodates species distinguished by strongly branched hyphidia in combination with 3-septate basidiospores. While the original circumscription mainly treated European taxa, here we shift the focus to tropical and sub-tropical material and uncover wider variation in morphology within Still united by hyphidia shape and basidiospore septation, the genus is expanded with 10 taxa having pustulate, cerebriform, or stipitate basidiocarps of yellow to dark brown colours, cylindrical to ovoid basidiospores, and hyphal septa with or without clamps. Monophyly of the amended is confirmed with a phylogeny based on six markers (SSU, ITS, LSU, , , and ).

On my critical understandings about 'modern epidemiology'.

Editor's Note: This Essay is the last paper of Olli Miettinen. I discussed it with him until about a week before his death on November 24, 2021. The article had gone through many iterations, as was the case with all his contributions to the European Journal of Epidemiology over the years.

Systematic placement of and description of two new species.

is a rare corticioid species with characteristic morphology different from other species. We used nuc 5.8S rDNA, nuc 28S rDNA, and mt 12S rDNA loci to infer the phylogenetic position of .

Population genomics of a forest fungus reveals high gene flow and climate adaptation signatures.

Genome sequencing of spatially distributed individuals sheds light on how evolution structures genetic variation. Populations of Phellopilus nigrolimitatus, a red-listed wood-inhabiting fungus associated with old-growth coniferous forests, have decreased in size over the last century due to a loss of suitable habitats. We assessed the population genetic structure and investigated local adaptation in P.

Landscape context and substrate characteristics shape fungal communities of dead spruce in urban and semi-natural forests.

Urban green areas are becoming increasingly recognized for their biodiversity potential. However, little is known about how urbanization shapes cryptic species communities, such as those residing in deadwood. In this study, we investigated downed Norway spruce trunks at intermediate stages of decay, in urban and semi-natural forests in southern Finland.

On six African species of and .

We studied a number of sub-Saharan collections of corticioid and species, including several types. Morphological descriptions and molecular analyses based on the ribosomal DNA loci nuc rDNA ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 and when possible nuc 28S rDNA, allow us to introduce four new species: , , and .

Revision of (, ) with notes on morphologically and historically related taxa.

, ) is a genus traditionally defined by corticioid basidiocarps, in contrast to the rest of the class, which is characterized by gelatinous ones. In the traditional circumscription the genus is polyphyletic, and the monotypic family is paraphyletic. Aiming for a more concise delimitation, we revise with a novel phylogeny based on sequences of nrDNA (SSU, ITS, LSU) and protein-coding genes (RPB1, RPB2, TEF1-α) We establish that monophyletic is best characterized not by the corticioid morphology, but by a combination of traits: hyphal clamps, predominantly aseptate thin-walled basidiospores, and low content of carotenoid pigments.

Significance of incongruent DNA loci in the taxonomy of wood-decaying .

Modern taxonomic studies of Agaricomycetes rely on the integrative analyses of morphology, environmental data, geographic distribution, and usually several DNA loci. However, sampling and selection of DNA loci for the analyses are commonly shallow. In this study, we suggest minimal numbers of necessary specimens to sample and DNA loci to analyze in order to prevent inadequate taxonomic decisions in species groups with minor morphological and genealogical differences.

Association of Temporomandibular Disorder Symptoms with Physical Fitness among Finnish Conscripts.

Studies on the role of physical fitness, physical activity and obesity as risk factors for temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are scarce. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association of TMD symptoms with physical fitness, physical activity and body mass index (BMI) among Finnish conscripts. The study sample consisted of 8685 Finnish conscripts.

Contrasting genetic structuring in the closely related basidiomycetes Trichaptum abietinum and Trichaptum fuscoviolaceum (Hymenochaetales).

Trichaptum abietinum and Trichaptum fuscoviolaceum (Hymenochaetales, Basidiomycota) are closely related saprotrophic fungi, widely distributed on coniferous wood in temperate regions worldwide. Three intersterility groups have previously been detected in T. abietinum, while no prezygotic barriers have been proven within T.

Polypore fungi as a flagship group to indicate changes in biodiversity - a test case from Estonia.

Polyporous fungi, a morphologically delineated group of Agaricomycetes (Basidiomycota), are considered well studied in Europe and used as model group in ecological studies and for conservation. Such broad interest, including widespread sampling and DNA based taxonomic revisions, is rapidly transforming our basic understanding of polypore diversity and natural history. We integrated over 40,000 historical and modern records of polypores in Estonia (hemiboreal Europe), revealing 227 species, and including Polyporus submelanopus and P.

Fungal sporocarps house diverse and host-specific communities of fungicolous fungi.

Sporocarps (fruit bodies) are the sexual reproductive stage in the life cycle of many fungi. They are highly nutritious and consequently vulnerable to grazing by birds and small mammals, and invertebrates, and can be infected by microbial and fungal parasites and pathogens. The complexity of communities thriving inside sporocarps is largely unknown.

Author Correction: Genome sequencing of Rigidoporus microporus provides insights on genes important for wood decay, latex tolerance and interspecific fungal interactions.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Impacts of holmium and lithium to the growth of selected basidiomycetous fungi and their ability to degrade textile dyes.

The impacts of Ho and Li (0, 10, 50, 200 mg/L) were tested towards the growth of four basidiomycetous fungal species, their ability to decolorise synthetic dyes (Reactive Green 19, Reactive Orange 16, Reactive Black 5), and produce oxidative enzymes. All species; , , and grew with and without supplemented Ho or Li. The growth of was the most tolerant species towards Ho or Li (200 mg/L), whereas the growth of was the most sensitive of the studied species to both 200 mg Ho or Li/L.

an older name for and , and typification of the genus (, ).

The genus name is reinstated to encompass the group currently addressed to (illegitimate genus) or . Identity of the type species of , (= in current sense), is clarified, and a lectotype is selected. In total, 12 species are combined in : and .

Genome sequencing of Rigidoporus microporus provides insights on genes important for wood decay, latex tolerance and interspecific fungal interactions.

Fungal plant pathogens remain a serious threat to the sustainable agriculture and forestry, despite the extensive efforts undertaken to control their spread. White root rot disease is threatening rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) plantations throughout South and Southeast Asia and Western Africa, causing tree mortality and severe yield losses. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of the basidiomycete fungus Rigidoporus microporus, a causative agent of the disease.

Morphological plasticity in brown-rot fungi: is redefined to encompass both poroid and corticioid species.

Most known brown rot-producing species of Polyporales belong to the so-called "Antrodia clade" that largely consists of poroid species. In this study, we use three genetic markers to revise s. str.

Megaphylogeny resolves global patterns of mushroom evolution.

Mushroom-forming fungi (Agaricomycetes) have the greatest morphological diversity and complexity of any group of fungi. They have radiated into most niches and fulfil diverse roles in the ecosystem, including wood decomposers, pathogens or mycorrhizal mutualists. Despite the importance of mushroom-forming fungi, large-scale patterns of their evolutionary history are poorly known, in part due to the lack of a comprehensive and dated molecular phylogeny.

A preliminary overview of the corticioid ().

The taxonomy of the corticioid fungi from the class () currently addressed to the genus is revised based on morphological and nuclear ribosomal DNA (ITS and LSU) data. The genus is restricted to 25 species with semitranslucent, gelatinous basidiocarps lacking differentiated cystidia and clamps on hyphae, of which 11 are described as new to science. The asexual genus is placed as a synonym of .

Stable isotope analyses reveal previously unknown trophic mode diversity in the Hymenochaetales.

Premise Of The Study: The Hymenochaetales are dominated by lignicolous saprotrophic fungi involved in wood decay. However, the group also includes bryophilous and terricolous taxa, but their modes of nutrition are not clear. Here, we investigate patterns of carbon and nitrogen utilization in numerous non-lignicolous Hymenochaetales and provide a phylogenetic context in which these non-canonical ecological guilds arose.