Differences in walking and running parameters in elementary school students with and without backpacks.

Background: Backpack syndrome (BS) is a term used to describe symptoms such as shoulder and back pain that are believed to be caused by carrying a backpack. Few studies have investigated the changes in walking and running parameters with and without backpacks.

Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the differences in walking and running parameters with and without backpacks in primary school children with and without BS.

Characteristics of hindfoot morphology and ankle range of motion in young women with hallux valgus.

Background: Hallux valgus occurs more frequently in women as they age; therefore, it is beneficial to prevent hallux valgus in younger women. The purpose of this study was to clarify the characteristics of hindfoot morphology and the range of motion of the ankle joint with hallux valgus in young women.

Methods: The participants were 140 young women (mean age 18.

Relationship between foot morphology, muscle strength, and physical performance test in women aged 65 years and older: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Hallux valgus is a foot deformity that may affect gait, thus increasing the risk of falls among older people. We investigated the relationship between foot morphology, muscle strength, and physical performance.

Methods: In this study, community-dwelling older people aged ≥65 years were included.

Effects of self-management exercise group participation in community-dwelling older adults.

Background: The effects of physical fitness and age on motor function in older adults who continue to exercise remain unclear. This study aimed to examine the effects of participation in self-management exercise groups in adults aged ≥65 years.

Methods: The motor functions of 372 citizens who participated in a self-management exercise group for 1 year were examined.

Differences in toe flexor strength and foot morphology between wheelchair dependent and ambulant older people in long-term care: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Hallux valgus, lesser toe deformity, and muscle weakness of the toe flexors contribute to falls in older people. This study aimed to examine the differences in toe flexor strength and foot morphology in older people requiring long-term care due to changes in the way they mobilize in everyday life.

Methods: This study included 84 people aged ≥70 years without motor paralysis who underwent rehabilitation.

Foot Characteristics and Falls among Community-dwelling Independent Elderly Women Who Can Walk Outdoors.

Objective: We examined the toe flexor strength, foot morphology, and falls in community-dwelling elderly women who could walk outdoors independently without aids.

Methods: The presence or absence of falls in 1 year, the toe flexor strength, and foot morphology were recorded in 70 women. Hallux valgus was defined as a first phalangeal angle ≥16°.

Correction to: Correlation between functional ability, toe flexor strength, and plantar pressure of hallux valgus in young female adults: a cross-sectional study.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

Correlation between functional ability, toe flexor strength, and plantar pressure of hallux valgus in young female adults: a cross-sectional study.

Background: The prevalence of hallux valgus (HV) increases with age in females. Several studies have investigated the relationship between foot problems, including HV, and falls in older individuals. This study aimed to examine whether HV causes a decline in functional activity in young females and also evaluate the relationship between HV angle, functional activity, toe flexor strength, and plantar pressure.

Analgesia by Sacral Surface Electrical Stimulation for Primary Dysmenorrhoea.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of analgesia by sacral surface electrical stimulation on lower abdominal pain in women with primary dysmenorrhoea.

Design: Explorative study.

Participants: Eleven female university students, who regularly experience difficulty in their university work due to menstrual pain, or who use analgesics for more than one day each month, were recruited.

Association Between Toe Flexor Strength and Activity Levels in Community-Dwelling Japanese Older Women.

This study aimed to explore the relationship between toe flexor strength and the daily activity levels in 56 Japanese older women aged between 70 and 88 years. The activity levels were measured as the average number of steps/day using a pedometer and the life space assessment (LSA) scores. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare toe flexor muscle strength and the LSA scores between those with fewer than and more than 6,000 steps/day.

Relationship between foot morphology and toe muscle strength in female university students.

[Purpose] The purpose was to clarify the relationship between foot morphology and toe muscle strength in female university students. [Participants and Methods] Data from 103 female university students (age, 20.4 ± 1.

Effects and indications of sacral surface therapeutic electrical stimulation in refractory urinary incontinence.

Objective: To describe the effects and indications of sacral surface therapeutic electrical stimulation (SS-TES) for refractory urinary incontinence.

Design: Evaluation before and after therapy.

Setting: On clinical site and at nursing home.