The oral microbiome is closely involved in the maintenance of host health and the development of systemic diseases. The salivary glands play an essential role in homeostasis in the oral cavity. Here, we investigated the effects of periodontal inflammation on salivary gland function and the oral microbiome.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjectives: Klebsiella spp., an opportunistic infectious organism, is commensal in the nasal and oral cavities of humans. Recently, it has been reported that oral Klebsiella spp.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjectives: Commensal bacteria in the host body play a fundamental role in the differentiation and maintenance of the immune system. Studies on intestinal immunity have revealed that, under steady-state conditions, microflora have an important role in the maintenance of health. However, the role of oral commensal bacteria on the oral immune system is still unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDisaster Med Public Health Prep
July 2022
Recently, it has been demonstrated that dysbiosis, an alteration in commensal microflora composition, is intimately involved in the onset of a variety of diseases. It is becoming increasingly evident that the composition of commensal microflora in the oral cavity is closely connected to oral diseases, such as periodontal disease, and systemic diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease. Next-generation sequencing techniques are used as a method to examine changes in bacterial flora, but additional analytical methods to assess bacterial flora are needed to understand bacterial activity in more detail.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAge-related tooth loss impedes mastication. Epidemiological and physiological studies have reported that poor oral hygiene and occlusion are associated with cognitive decline. In the present study, we analyzed the mechanism by which decreased occlusal support following bilateral extraction of the maxillary first molars affects cognitive functions in young and aged mice and examined the expression of brain-function-related genes in the hippocampus and hypothalamus.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe oral mucosa is one of the first lines of the innate host defense system against microbial invasion. Interferon (IFN) lambda-1 (IFN-λ1), a type III IFN, exhibits type I IFN-like antiviral activity. In contrast to ubiquitously expressed type I IFN receptors, IFN-λ receptor 1 (IFN-λR1), which has higher affinity for type III IFNs than low-affinity interleukin (IL)-10 receptor 2, is mainly expressed on epithelial cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImmunosenescence is characterized by age-associated changes in immunological functions. Although age- and autoimmune-related sialadenitis cause dry mouth (xerostomia), the roles of immunosenescence and cellular senescence in the pathogenesis of sialadenitis remain unknown. We demonstrated that acquired immune cells rather than innate immune cells infiltrated the salivary glands (SG) of aged mice.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Understanding the refinement of self-feeding skills is useful for the assessment of oral functional development in children.
Objectives: To determine normative data on lip closing during food intake in the development of independent spoon-feeding in normal children, we tested the hypothesis that lip-closing pressure and spoon operation differ depending on food type.
Methods: Fifteen normal children (eight boys, seven girls; mean age: 6.
Objectives: Tooth bleaching has become one of the most frequently requested esthetic procedures in dental practice. A side effect of bleaching is gingival irritation. This study examined the efficacy of propolis to treat gingival irritation caused by bleaching in vivo and in vitro.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia, and it exhibits pathological properties such as deposition of extracellular amyloid β (Aβ) and abnormally phosphorylated Tau in nerve cells and a decrease of synapses. Conventionally, drugs targeting Aβ and its related molecules have been developed on the basis of the amyloid cascade hypothesis, but sufficient effects on the disease have not been obtained in past clinical trials. On the other hand, it has been pointed out that chronic inflammation and microbial infection in the brain may be involved in the pathogenesis of AD.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAs of May 20, 2020, the COVID-19 death toll in Japan was 771. The 2020 Tokyo Olympics/Paralympics had to be postponed to 2021 because of the pandemic. Not only the infected patients but also health care workers have been affected from adverse societal dynamics because of COVID-19, such as discrimination and stigmatization.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFStreptococcus mutans is the main pathogen of dental caries and adheres to the tooth surface via soluble and insoluble glucans produced by the bacterial glucosyltransferase enzyme. Thus, the S. mutans glucosyltransferase is an important virulence factor for this cariogenic bacterium.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTo integrate scholastic literature regarding the prevalence and characteristics of the psychological consequences faced by survivors of the 2011 Fukushima earthquake/tsunami/nuclear disaster, we conducted a systematic review of survivor studies concerning the Fukushima disaster. In August 2019, four literature databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, and ICHUSHI) were used in the literature search. Peer-reviewed manuscripts reporting psychological consequences, either in English or Japanese, were selected.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTo compile the findings of studies assessing emotional and behavioral changes in the survivors of the 2011 Fukushima nuclear disaster, we performed a systematic review in August 2019 using four literature databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, and ICHUSHI). Peer-reviewed manuscripts, either in English or Japanese, were included in the searches. Sixty-one studies were retrieved for the review.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLip closing is an important motor act in food acquisition. Appropriate food capture in anticipatory and early oral stages of feeding is essential for mastication and swallowing. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of food type and quantity on lip closing pressure during food capture with a spoon, and to identify normal lip function during food acquisition in healthy young adults.
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