Trace elements in whole blood in the general population in Trøndelag County, Norway: The HUNT3 Survey.

Background: Biomonitoring of a cohort within a large health survey can provide reliable information on trace element status. The main aims of this study were 1) to determine the concentrations of 28 trace elements in whole blood samples from the general population of the Nord-Trøndelag region, Norway, and 2) to investigate how trace element concentrations vary with geographical area, lifestyle, and socio-demographic factors.

Methods: Whole blood samples were collected in the third survey of the Trøndelag Health Survey (HUNT3), a large population-based study in Norway.

Risk of hip and forearm fracture in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus and latent autoimmune diabetes of adults. The HUNT Study, Norway.

Type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus incur an increased risk of fracture, with a generally higher risk among individuals with type 1 diabetes. The fracture risk among individuals with latent autoimmune diabetes of adulthood (LADA) is not known. The present cohort study aimed to estimate the risk of hip and forearm fracture among individuals with LADA, alongside type 1 and type 2 diabetes, using data from the second survey of the Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT2) in 1995-97.

Validity of the FINDRISC as a prediction tool for diabetes in a contemporary Norwegian population: a 10-year follow-up of the HUNT study.

Objective: The Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISC) is a recommended tool for type 2 diabetes prediction. There is a lack of studies examining the performance of the current 0-26 point FINDRISC scale. We examined the validity of FINDRISC in a contemporary Norwegian risk environment.

Basic lifestyle advice to individuals at high risk of type 2 diabetes: a 2-year population-based diabetes prevention study. The DE-PLAN intervention in the HUNT Study, Norway.

Objective: Among individuals at high risk for diabetes identified through a population survey, we performed an intervention study with basic lifestyle advice aiming to prevent diabetes.

Research Design And Methods: Among 50 806 participants in the HUNT3 Survey (2006-2008), 5297 individuals with Finnish Diabetes Risc Score (FINDRISC ≥15 were invited to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and an education session with lifestyle advice, and 2634 (49.7%) attended.

Individuals at high risk for type 2 diabetes invited to a lifestyle program: characteristics of participants versus non-participants (the HUNT Study) and 24-month follow-up of participants (the VEND-RISK Study).

Objective: Prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus is possible through lifestyle programs, but the effect depends on the program's content, resources, and setting. Lifestyle programs are often confronted with high rates of non-participation and attrition. This study invited individuals at high risk for type 2 diabetes to a lifestyle program in the Norwegian primary healthcare setting.

Trace element status in patients with type 2 diabetes in Norway: The HUNT3 Survey.

Several epidemiological studies have indicated that a number of trace elements may play a role in type 2 diabetes (T2D). We investigated the association between prevalent T2D and the concentrations of 25 trace elements in whole blood, and the relationships between T2D duration and blood levels of the trace elements that we found to be related to T2D prevalence. In this population based case-control study, 267 patients with self-reported T2D and 609 controls (frequency matched), were selected from the third Nord-Trøndelag Health Survey.

Trace elements in early phase type 2 diabetes mellitus-A population-based study. The HUNT study in Norway.

Differences in trace elements levels between individuals with type 2 diabetes and controls have been reported in several studies in various body fluids and tissues, but results have been inconsistent. In order to examine trace element levels in the early phase of type 2 diabetes, we investigated the association between whole blood levels of 26 trace elements and the prevalence of previously undiagnosed, screening-detected type 2 diabetes. The study was conducted as a case-control study nested within the third survey of the population-based Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT3 Survey).

Inverse relationship between type 1 diabetes mellitus and migraine. Data from the Nord-Trøndelag Health Surveys 1995-1997 and 2006-2008.

Aims The aim of this cross-sectional population-based study was to investigate the associations between migraine and type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Methods We used data from the second (1995-1997) and third survey (2006-2008) in the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study. Analyses were made for the 26,121 participants (30-97 years of age, median 58.

Prolonged sitting may increase diabetes risk in physically inactive individuals: an 11 year follow-up of the HUNT Study, Norway.

Aims/hypothesis: We examined the association between sitting time and diabetes incidence, overall and by strata of leisure-time physical activity and BMI.

Methods: We followed 28,051 adult participants of the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (the HUNT Study), a population-based study, for diabetes incidence from 1995-1997 to 2006-2008 and estimated HRs of any diabetes by categories of self-reported total daily sitting time at baseline.

Results: Of 28,051 participants, 1253 (4.

Autoimmune diabetes in adults and risk of myocardial infarction: the HUNT study in Norway.

Background: The long-term consequences of autoimmune diabetes in adults (AIDA) are largely unexplored.

Objective: To investigate the risk of myocardial infarction (MI) in AIDA compared to type 2 diabetes, taking into consideration the effects of socio-economic and lifestyle factors, the metabolic syndrome and glycaemic control.

Methods: A total of 62 995 participants including 207 individuals with AIDA (onset ≥35 years and anti-GAD positive) and 2322 individuals with type 2 diabetes (onset ≥35 years and anti-GAD negative), from the population-based Norwegian HUNT study, were followed for a first MI during the period 1995-2008.

Exploring lifestyle and risk in preventing type 2 diabetes-a nested qualitative study of older participants in a lifestyle intervention program (VEND-RISK).

Background: Lifestyle intervention may reduce the development of type 2 diabetes among high-risk individuals. The aim of this study was to explore how older adults perceived their own lifestyle and being at increased risk for type 2 diabetes while they participated in a lifestyle intervention programme.

Methods: A nested qualitative study was performed with 26 participants (mean age 68 years) in the VEND-RISK Study.

Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms as Predictors of All-Cause Mortality among People with Insulin-Naïve Type 2 Diabetes: 17-Year Follow-Up of the Second Nord-Trøndelag Health Survey (HUNT2), Norway.

Aim: To examine whether elevated anxiety and/or depressive symptoms are related to all-cause mortality in people with Type 2 diabetes, not using insulin.

Methods: 948 participants in the community-wide Nord-Trøndelag Health Survey conducted during 1995-97 completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale with subscales of anxiety (HADS-A) and depression (HADS-D). Elevated symptoms were defined as HADS-A or HADS-D ≥8.

Impact of sex and age on the performance of FINDRISC: the HUNT Study in Norway.

Objective: The Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISC) is recommended as a screening tool for diabetes risk. However, there is a lack of well-powered studies examining the performance of FINDRISC by sex and age. We aim to estimate, by sex and age, the prevalence of elevated FINDRISC and positive predictive value (PPV) of FINDRISC for identifying impaired glucose metabolism (IGM) in a general Norwegian population.

Use of Swedish smokeless tobacco (snus) and the risk of Type 2 diabetes and latent autoimmune diabetes of adulthood (LADA).

Aims: It has been suggested that moist snuff (snus), a smokeless tobacco product that is high in nicotine and widespread in Scandinavia, increases the risk of Type 2 diabetes. Previous studies are however few, contradictory and, with regard to autoimmune diabetes, lacking. Our aim was to study the association between snus use and the risk of Type 2 diabetes and latent autoimmune diabetes of adulthood (LADA).

Blood pressure changes during 22-year of follow-up in large general population - the HUNT Study, Norway.

Background: While hypertension still is a major health problem worldwide, some studies have indicated that the blood pressure level has decreased in some populations. This population based cohort study aims at analysing blood pressure changes in a large Norwegian population over a 22 year period.

Methods: Data is acquired from three comprehensive health surveys of the HUNT Study conducted from 1984-86 to 2006-08.

Prevalence of Thyroid Dysfunction in Autoimmune and Type 2 Diabetes: The Population-Based HUNT Study in Norway.

Context: Associations between autoimmune diabetes and autoimmune thyroid disease are known but insufficiently characterized. Some evidence suggests that type 2 diabetes may also be associated with hypothyroidism.

Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate associations of autoimmune and type 2 diabetes with the prevalence of hypo- and hyperthyroidism.

Anxiety, depression and timing of insulin treatment among people with type 2 diabetes: Nine-year follow-up of the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study, Norway.

Background: Depression and anxiety have been found to be predictors of poor health outcomes in diabetes, but mechanisms are still unclear.

Aims: To examine whether symptoms of anxiety and depression were associated with timing of initiating insulin therapy.

Methods: A cohort study of insulin-naive particpants with type 2 dabetes completed the Hospital Anxiey and Depression Scale, HADS-A (n = 731) and/or the HADS-D (n = 768) in the communy-based Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (1995-1997).

The Chromosome 9p21 CVD- and T2D-Associated Regions in a Norwegian Population (The HUNT2 Survey).

Background. Two adjacent regions upstream CDKN2B on chromosome 9p21 have been associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and progression of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The precise location and number of risk variants have not been completely delineated and a possible synergistic relationship between the adjacent regions is not fully addressed.

Glycaemic control in people with diabetes influences the beneficial role of physical activity on cardiovascular mortality. Prospective data from the HUNT Study, Norway.

Aim: To examine whether glycaemic control in people with diabetes, measured as glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), influences the role of leisure time physical activity on the increased risk of death from cardiovascular disease.

Methods: We prospectively examined the joint association of diabetes according to glycemic control, measured as glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), and physical activity with cardiovascular mortality. A total of 53,549 were followed up for 12 years through the Norwegian Cause of Death Registry.

Is depression a risk factor for diabetic foot ulcers? 11-years follow-up of the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT).

Aim: To prospectively examine whether depressive symptoms increase the risk of diabetes and a diabetic foot ulcer.

Methods: The Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT) is a community-based longitudinal study. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-D subscale) assessed depressive symptoms.

No increase in new users of blood glucose-lowering drugs in Norway 2006-2011: a nationwide prescription database study.

Background: National estimates for the occurrence of diabetes are difficult to obtain, particularly time trends in incidence. The aim was to describe time trends in prevalent and incident use of blood glucose-lowering drugs by age group and gender in Norway during 2005-2011.

Methods: Data were obtained from the nationwide Norwegian Prescription Database.

The prevalence of metabolic syndrome and metabolically healthy obesity in Europe: a collaborative analysis of ten large cohort studies.

Background: Not all obese subjects have an adverse metabolic profile predisposing them to developing type 2 diabetes or cardiovascular disease. The BioSHaRE-EU Healthy Obese Project aims to gain insights into the consequences of (healthy) obesity using data on risk factors and phenotypes across several large-scale cohort studies. Aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of obesity, metabolic syndrome (MetS) and metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) in ten participating studies.

Diabetes-related foot ulcers and associated factors: results from the Nord-Trøndelag Health Survey (HUNT3) (2006-2008).

Aim: To determine the proportion of people with diabetes reporting a history of foot ulcer and investigate associated factors and healing time in the Nord-Trøndelag Health Survey (HUNT3), Norway.

Methods: In 2006-2008, all inhabitants in Nord-Trøndelag County aged ≥ 20 years were invited to take part in this population-based study; 54% (n=50,807) attended. In participants reporting to have diabetes we examined the relationships between foot ulcers requiring more than 3 weeks to heal (DFU) and sociodemographic, lifestyle and clinical variables using logistic regression analysis.

A prospective population-based cohort study of lactation and cardiovascular disease mortality: the HUNT study.

Background: Recent studies suggest that lactation has long-term effects on risk for cardiovascular disease in women, but the effects on cardiovascular mortality are less well known.

Method: In a Norwegian population-based prospective cohort study, we studied the association of lifetime duration of lactation with cardiovascular mortality in 21,889 women aged 30 to 85 years who attended the second Nord-Trøndelag Health Survey (HUNT2) in 1995-1997. The cohort was followed for mortality through 2010 by a linkage with the Cause of Death Registry.

Social and spatial patterns of obesity diffusion over three decades in a Norwegian county population: the HUNT Study.

Background: In order to develop effective preventive strategies, knowledge of trends in socioeconomic and geographical differences in risk factor levels is important. The objective of this study was to examine social and spatial patterns of obesity diffusion in a Norwegian population during three decades.

Methods: Data on adults aged 30-69 years from three cross-sectional health surveys eleven years apart in the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study, Norway, HUNT1 (1984-1986), HUNT2 (1995-1997) and HUNT3 (2006-2008) were utilized.