Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy in a Patient with Multifocal Neurological Manifestations Caused by Solitary Brainstem Involvement.

A Japanese man in his 60s on medication for chronic lymphocytic leukemia presented with progressive, multifocal neurological manifestations. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a small, solitary region of brainstem involvement. Sensitive real-time polymerase chain reaction testing detected a small amount of JC virus (JCV) DNA (170 copies/mL) with pathogenic mutation in cerebrospinal fluid.

Orofacial Dyskinesia and Intractable Hiccups in a Patient with Varicella-zoster Virus Encephalomyelitis.

A 73-year-old Japanese man with diabetic complications presented with involuntary lip movements and long-lasting hiccups after developing zoster rash. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed lesions involving the medial temporal lobe and C1 level of the spinal cord. Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) encephalomyelitis was diagnosed.

A rare etiology of mild encephalitis/encephalopathy with reversible splenial lesion.

Legionella is a rare cause of mild encephalitis/encephalopathy with reversible splenial lesion, which should be considered in patients with risk factors. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and legionella urinary antigen test can help the diagnosis since cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) can be normal.