Tracking down carbon inputs underground from an arid zone Australian calcrete.

Freshwater ecosystems play a key role in shaping the global carbon cycle and maintaining the ecological balance that sustains biodiversity worldwide. Surficial water bodies are often interconnected with groundwater, forming a physical continuum, and their interaction has been reported as a crucial driver for organic matter (OM) inputs in groundwater systems. However, despite the growing concerns related to increasing anthropogenic pressure and effects of global change to groundwater environments, our understanding of the dynamics regulating subterranean carbon flows is still sparse.

Positive allosteric modulation of the cannabinoid type-1 receptor (CB1R) in periaqueductal gray (PAG) antagonizes anti-nociceptive and cellular effects of a mu-opioid receptor agonist in morphine-withdrawn rats.

Opioid drugs are a first-line treatment for severe acute pain and other chronic pain conditions, but long-term opioid drug use produces opioid-induced hyperalgesia (OIH). Co-administration of cannabinoids with opioid receptor agonists produce anti-nociceptive synergy, but cannabinoid receptor agonists may also produce undesirable side effects. Therefore, positive allosteric modulators (PAM) of cannabinoid type-1 receptors (CB1R) may provide an option reducing pain and/or enhancing the anti-hyperalgesic effects of opioids without the side effects, tolerance, and dependence observed with the use of ligands that target the orthosteric binding sites.

Traumatic Brain Injury and Alcohol Drinking Alter Basolateral Amygdala Endocannabinoids in Female Rats.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) affects approximately 3 million Americans yearly and increases vulnerability to developing psychiatric comorbidities. Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is the most prevalent psychiatric diagnosis preceding injury and TBI may increase subsequent alcohol use. The basolateral amygdala (BLA) is a limbic structure commonly affected by TBI that is implicated in anxiety and AUD.

Time to regain birth weight predicts neonatal growth velocity: A single-center experience.

Background: Failure to Thrive (FTT) describes the development of an inappropriate pattern of growth, generally secondary to inadequate nutritional intake, and is associated with several negative outcomes. We describe key features among neonates with FTT as well as the variables that predicted their growth after birth at a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.

Methods: A retrospective single center study of 340 patients grouped into FTT (n = 100) and non-FTT (n = 240) was conducted.

The International Spinal Cord Injury Survey: The Way Forward.

As a community survey of individuals living with spinal cord injury in 22 countries, representing all 6 of the World Health Organization regions, the International Spinal Cord Injury (InSCI) community survey is one of the few surveys that highlights not only basic medical issues, but also the impact of spinal cord injury (SCI) on the everyday lives of people. The InSCI survey is part of a much larger project known as the Learning Health System for SCI Initiative (LHS-SCI). The objective of this article is to highlight some of the ongoing and planned next steps at the national and international levels.

Strictures, stones and cysts: an unusual cause of pancreatitis in a 20-month-old female child.

Choledochal cysts are dilations of the biliary tree that cause a variety of clinical symptoms and can lead to several types of complications. Choledochal cysts are most commonly diagnosed in childhood and frequently present with abdominal pain, jaundice and, in infants, an abdominal mass. Although the most concerning complication is malignant transformation of the cyst epithelium, other complications such as stone formation, acute pancreatitis and stricture can also occur and lead to patient morbidity.

A retrospective comparison of carbon dioxide surgical laser and non-laser excision for removal of cutaneous and subcutaneous soft-tissue sarcomas in dogs.

To compare the duration of anaesthesia, surgery, and postoperative hospitalisation, the proportion of tumours excised with complete histologic margins and immediate postoperative surgical site complications in dogs undergoing removal of cutaneous or subcutaneous soft tissue sarcomas (STS) by either carbon dioxide (CO) laser or non-laser surgical excision methods. Medical records of dogs that underwent surgical excision of cutaneous and subcutaneous STS at the University of Missouri between December 2004 and May 2018 were evaluated. The study population consisted of client-owned dogs that underwent CO laser (n = 4) or non-laser (n = 20) excision of a single STS.

Environmental Barriers Experienced by People With Spinal Cord Injury Across 22 Countries: Results From a Cross-Sectional Survey.

Objectives: To investigate the experience of environmental barriers by people with spinal cord injury (SCI) across 22 countries. Specific aims were to describe and compare the prevalence of environmental barriers experienced across countries, and to analyze determinants of environmental barriers at individual and country level.

Design: Cross-sectional community survey.

Pilot Evaluation of a School-Based Programme Focused on Activity, Fitness, and Function among Children with Cerebral Palsy at GMFCS Level IV: Single-Subject Research Design.

Children with cerebral palsy (CP) who function at Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) Level IV have difficulty achieving sufficient levels of physical activity to promote fitness. The purpose of this pilot evaluation was to investigate the practicability and impact of a school-based supported physical activity programme, using adaptive bicycles, on cardiorespiratory fitness and gross motor function among children with CP at GMFCS Level IV. We used a single-subject, A-B-A-B research design replicated across three participants aged 8-14 years with CP at GMFCS Level IV who attended three different schools.

Barriers and facilitators to optimising inpatient bladder management after spinal cord injury.

Study Design: Qualitative survey.

Objectives: Examine clinicians' perspectives on adherence to published evidence-based guidelines and clinician-perceived barriers, and facilitators to optimising inpatient bladder management within one Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) service.

Setting: Surgical Hospital (acute care) and SCI Unit (sub-acute, rehabilitation) in Western Australia (WA).

Gap in funding for specialist hospitals treating patients with traumatic spinal cord injury under an activity-based funding model in New South Wales, Australia.

Objective The aim of this study was to estimate the difference between treatment costs in acute care settings and the level of funding public hospitals would receive under the activity-based funding model. Methods Patients aged ≥16 years who had sustained an incident traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) between June 2013 and June 2016 in New South Wales were included in the study. Patients were identified from record-linked health data.

Professional quality of life and intent to leave the workforce: Gender disparities in child welfare.

Background: Efforts to enhance professional quality of life (ProQOL) may prove a promising area for intervention to reducing workforce jettison and maintaining a healthy and resilient workforce necessary for supporting children and families in the child welfare system.

Objective: The current study aimed to describe the relative contributions of measures of ProQOL to intent on leaving the workforce among child welfare professionals. We also aimed to describe gender differences in ProQOL, intent to leave, and associated correlations among child welfare professionals.

Evaluation of various carbon dioxide laser settings on the time and number of laser beam passes required to make a full-thickness skin incision and amount of laser-induced tissue artifact.

Objective: To evaluate the time and number of laser beam passes required to make full-thickness skin incisions and extent of laser-induced tissue artifacts following use of a CO laser at various settings.

Sample: 24 skin specimens from six 5-month-old porcine carcasses.

Procedures: 4 full-thickness skin specimens were harvested from the flank regions of each carcass within 30 minutes after euthanasia and randomly assigned to 4 treatment groups.

Soil microbes of an urban remnant riparian zone have greater potential for N removal than a degraded riparian zone.

Soils in the riparian zone, the interface between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, may decrease anthropogenic nitrogen (N) loads to streams through microbial transformations (e.g., denitrification).

Kidney Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Change in eGFR in Individuals with CKD.

Background And Objectives: Kidney functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) requires further investigation to enhance the noninvasive identification of patients at high risk of CKD progression.

Design, Setting, Participants, & Measurements: In this exploratory study, we obtained baseline diffusion-weighted and blood oxygen level-dependent MRI in 122 participants of the CKD Optimal Management with Binders and Nicotinamide trial, which was a multicenter, randomized, double-blinded, 12-month, four-group parallel trial of nicotinamide and lanthanum carbonate versus placebo conducted in individuals with eGFR 20-45 ml/min per 1.73 m.

Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition Entrustable Professional Activities: Development of an Assessment Tool and Curricular Resources.

Background: Entrustable professional activities (EPAs) are critical activities performed by medical professionals, which can be observed and assessed. Adding on to common EPAs for all pediatric subspecialty trainees, specialty-specific EPAs for pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology, and nutritional fellowship were developed by the North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (NASPGHAN) EPA Task Force.

Methods: Having developed specialty-specific EPAs, building EPA assessments is the next logical step, as EPAs are included under a larger umbrella of competency-based assessment.

Whole-Genome Comparisons of Isolates from Cattle and Chickens.

has been previously associated with subclinical or clinically mild cases of mastitis in dairy cattle and is one of several staphylococcal species that have been isolated from the bones and blood of lame broilers. We reported that could be obtained frequently from bacterial chondronecrosis with osteomyelitis (BCO) lesions of lame broilers (A. Al-Rubaye et al.