Platelets-rich-plasma in management of non operative post cruciate ligament injury.

Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) injury is a rare ligamentous knee injury which most commonly occurs due to direct trauma; it represents only 0.65% of knee injuries. On the basis of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), PCL injury is divided into surgical and non-surgical.

Retinal and choroidal vasculature changes associated with chronic kidney disease.

Purpose: Retinal and choroidal microvascular changes can be related to renal impairment in hypertension and chronic kidney disease (CKD). The study examines the association between retinochoroidal parameters and renal impairment in hypertensive, non-diabetic patients.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional study on Caucasian patients with systemic arterial hypertension with different levels of renal function.

Association between early-stage chronic kidney disease and reduced choroidal thickness in essential hypertensive patients.

The introduction in the past few years of advanced optical coherence tomography (OCT) techniques has greatly increased our understanding of the choroid, which is the most important vascular layer of the eye. Our study aimed to assess choroidal thickness by using swept-source OCT (SS-OCT) in essential hypertensive patients (EHs) with and without early-stage chronic kidney disease (CKD). We enrolled 100 EHs, of whom 65 were without kidney damage, and 35 had stage 1-3 CKD.