Appraisal of the PIBD-classes Criteria: A Multicentre Validation.

Introduction: The PIBD-classes criteria were developed to standardise the classification of children with inflammatory bowel disease [IBD], from Crohn's disease [CD], through IBD-unclassified [IBD-U], to typical ulcerative colitis [UC]. We aimed to further validate the criteria and to explore possible modifications.

Methods: This was a multicentre retrospective cohort study of children diagnosed with IBD with at least 1 year of follow-up.

Probiotics and antibiotic-associated diarrhea in children: A review and new evidence on Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG during and after antibiotic treatment.

Antibiotic associated diarrhea (AAD) is a common complication in childhood in the outpatient and inpatient settings. This review provides up to date information on the use of probiotics in the prevention and treatment of AAD, including that from Clostridium Difficile, in children. The most recently systematic reviews and subsequently published randomized controlleds trials are considered.

Mild TSH resistance: Clinical and hormonal features in childhood and adulthood.

Objective: Mutations in TSH receptor (TSHR) are associated with TSH resistance, a genetic defect characterized by a heterogeneous phenotype ranging from severe hypothyroidism to subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH). We assessed the clinical and hormonal pattern of TSHR variants in a series of pediatric patients, and the long-term outcome of growth, biochemical measurements of metabolism, and neuropsychological functions in TSHR mutations carriers.

Design: Observational, retrospective study.