Anogenital HPV-Related Cancers in Women: Investigating Trends and Sociodemographic Risk Factors.

The incidences of anogenital HPV-related cancers in women are on the rise; this is especially true for anal cancer. Medical societies are now beginning to recommend anal cancer screening in certain high-risk populations, including high-risk women with a history of genital dysplasia. The aim of this study is to investigate national anogenital HPV cancer trends as well as the role of demographics, deprivation, and ethnicity on anogenital cancer incidence in England, in an attempt to better understand this cohort of women which is increasingly affected by anogenital HPV-related disease.

Resilience and burnout of healthcare workers during the early COVID-19 pandemic.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to significantly more healthcare workers (HCWs) experiencing burnout than previously. This burnout is strongly associated with low resilience. Addressing organisational stresses and the introduction of resilience training will help to reduce the proportion of HCWs experiencing this phenomenon.

Anal Cancer in High-Risk Women: The Lost Tribe.

In developed countries the incidence of anal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) has been rising; especially in women over the age of 60 years who present with more advanced disease stage than men. Historically, anal SCC screening has focused on people living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) (PLWH) who are considered to be at the highest risk of anal SCC, and its precancerous lesion, anal squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL). Despite this, women with vulval high-grade squamous epithelial lesions (HSIL) and SCCs have been shown to be as affected by anal HSIL and SCC as some PLWH.

Fluid and electrolyte management: increasing the knowledge of House Officers using an interactive eLearning tool.

Background: Interactive case-based tutorials represent a well-established method of improving House Officer learning. There has been little research on how tutorials of this kind can be improved, and whether their use changes practice.

Aim: Our study aims to assess whether our eLearning tutorial on IV fluid and electrolyte prescribing improves the underlying knowledge base and confidence of participating House Officers, with regards to fluid and electrolyte balance physiology and prescribing.

Comparing and contrasting clinical consensus and guidelines for anal intraepithelial neoplasia in different geographical regions.

Anal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (ASCC) is an uncommon cancer with a recognised precursor Anal Intraepithelial Neoplasia (AIN). Although there are consistent evidence-based guidelines for the management of ASCC, historically this has not been the case for AIN and as a result there have been geographical variations in the recommendations for the treatment of AIN. More recently there have been updates in the literature to the recommendations for the management of AIN.

Axillary staging in ductal carcinoma in situ with microinvasion: A meta-analysis.

Introduction: Ductal carcinoma in situ with microinvasion (DCISM); arguably a more aggressive subtype of DCIS, currently has variable recommendations governing its staging and management in the UK. As a result, there is ongoing controversy surrounding the most appropriate management of DCISM, in particular the need of axillary staging.

Method: A search was conducted on the databases MEDLINE and Embase using the keywords: breast, DCISM, microinvasion, "ductal carcinoma in situ with microinvasion", sentinel lymph node biopsy, SLNB, axillary staging was performed.

Fluid and electrolyte balance-establishing the knowledge base of Foundation Year One doctors.

Background: Fluid and electrolyte management for hospital inpatients has been identified by multiple reports to be suboptimal, with delegation of this task to the most junior members of a medical team, Foundation Year One (FY1) doctors, also known as interns or house officers, being identified as a contributing factor.

Methods: An online survey was distributed nationally via social media to FY1 doctors between 21st August 2018 and 19th September 2018. Questions focused around cohort characteristics, team behaviours around fluid and electrolyte prescribing, as well as teaching and knowledge.

Improving safety for medical students and patients during medical electives-a novel simulation-based course.

Introduction: The medical elective is a common component of undergraduate medical education in the UK and Ireland. These are often undertaken in varied hospitals and countries across the world, most of which are not related to their parent institutions, in order to explore specialties and regions of interest. However experiences are varied, with goals not always established beforehand, or indeed reached, when present.

The role of the medial and central amygdala in stress-induced suppression of pulsatile LH secretion in female rats.

Stress exerts profound inhibitory effects on reproductive function by suppressing the pulsatile release of GnRH and therefore LH. Although the mechanisms by which stressors disrupt the hypothalamic GnRH pulse generator remain to be fully elucidated, numerous studies have implicated the amygdala, especially its medial (MeA) and central nuclei (CeA), as key modulators of the neuroendocrine response to stress. In the present study, we investigated the roles of the MeA and CeA in stress-induced suppression of LH pulses.