Moderate Exercise Modulates Inflammatory Responses and Improves Survival in a Murine Model of Acute Pneumonia.

Objectives: An association between physical inactivity and worse outcome during infectious disease has been reported. The effect of moderate exercise preconditioning on the immune response during an acute pneumonia in a murine model was evaluated.

Setting: Laboratory experiments.

Cardiotoxicity and myocardial infarction-associated DNA damage induced by thiamethoxam in vitro and in vivo: Protective role of Trigonella foenum-graecum seed-derived polysaccharide.

The risk of pesticides on the human health and environment has drawn increasing attention. Today, new tools are developed to reduce pesticide adverse effects. This study aimed to evaluate the toxicity induced by, thiamethoxam (TMX), and the cytoprotective effect of a novel polysaccharide, named fenugreek seed water polysaccharide (FWEP) in vitro using H9c2 cardiomyoblastes and in vivo using Wistar rat model.

Hypolipidemic and cardioprotective effects of Ulva lactuca ethanolic extract in hypercholesterolemic mice.

Context: Hypercholesterolemia has significant cardiac consequences, since it is among the major risk factors of ischemic heart diseases.

Objective: The aim was searching the cardioprotective effect of chemical constituents from the sea lettuce Ulva lactuca upon hypercholesterolemic regime in mice.

Material And Methods: Mice were randomly divided into three groups: untreated group, hypercholesterolemic group, and mice receiving 1% cholesterol associated with U.

The diaphragm is better protected from oxidative stress than hindlimb skeletal muscle during CLP-induced sepsis.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine whether non-lethal sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) modulates oxidative damage and enzymatic antioxidant defenses in diaphragm and hindlimb skeletal muscles (soleus and Extensor Digitorus Longus (EDL)).

Methods: Female Wistar rats were divided into four experimental groups: (1) control animals, (2) animals sacrificed 2 hours or (3) 7 days after CLP, and (4) sham-operated animals. At the end of the experimental procedure, EDL, soleus, and diaphragm muscles were harvested and 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE)-protein adducts and protein carbonyl contents were examined in relation to superoxide dismutase and catalase expression and activities.

Single Muscle Immobilization Decreases Single-Fibre Myosin Heavy Chain Polymorphism: Possible Involvement of p38 and JNK MAP Kinases.

Purpose: Muscle contractile phenotype is affected during immobilization. Myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms are the major determinant of the muscle contractile phenotype. We therefore sought to evaluate the effects of muscle immobilization on both the MHC composition at single-fibre level and the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), a family of intracellular signaling pathways involved in the stress-induced muscle plasticity.

Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha induced hypoexcitability in rat muscle evidenced in a model of ion currents and action potential.

Sepsis and Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNFα), a major pro-inflammatory mediator, have previously been shown to induce a decrease in the conductance of voltage-dependent sodium channels (NaV). Moreover, TNFα increased resting membrane potential, leading to hyperpolarization. NaV and resting potential are the two major factors of membrane excitability.

Effect of okadaic acid on cultured clam heart cells: involvement of MAPkinase pathways.

Okadaic acid (OA) is one of the main diarrhetic shellfish poisoning toxins and a potent inhibitor of protein phosphatases 1 and 2A. The downstream signal transduction pathways following the protein phosphatase inhibition are still unknown and the results of most of the previous studies are often conflicting. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of OA on heart clam cells and to analyse its possible mechanisms of action by investigating the signal transduction pathways involved in OA cytotoxicity.

Na v1.4 and Na v1.5 are modulated differently during muscle immobilization and contractile phenotype conversion.

Muscle immobilization leads to modification in its fast/slow contractile phenotype. Since the properties of voltage-gated sodium channels (Na(v)) are different between "fast" and "slow" muscles, we studied the effects of immobilization on the contractile properties and the Na(v) of rat peroneus longus (PL). The distal tendon of PL was cut and fixed to the adjacent bone at neutral muscle length.

Recovery in culture of viable but nonculturable Vibrio parahaemolyticus: regrowth or resuscitation?

The objective of this study was to explore the recovery of culturability of viable but nonculturable (VBNC) Vibrio parahaemolyticus after temperature upshift and to determine whether regrowth or resuscitation occurred. A clinical strain of V. parahaemolyticus Vp5 was rendered VBNC by exposure to artificial seawater (ASW) at 4 degrees C.

Effects of immobilizing a single muscle on the morphology and the activation of its muscle fibers.

A single muscle of Wistar female rats, either soleus or peroneus longus, was immobilized by fixing its cut distal tendon to the bone during 8 weeks. We observed a transitory weight loss in both muscles; the mean fiber cross-sectional area (CSA) showed a reduction at day 30, followed by an increase at day 60. The time course of the activation of the immobilized muscle was evaluated by recording the chronic electromyographic (EMG) activity during short periods (1 min every other day) of treadmill locomotion.