Phytocyanin-encoding genes confer enhanced ozone tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Ozone is a phytotoxic air pollutant that has various damaging effects on plants, including chlorosis and growth inhibition. Although various physiological and genetic studies have elucidated some of the mechanisms underlying plant ozone sensitivity and lesion development, our understanding of plant response to this gas remains incomplete. Here, we show evidence for the involvement of certain apoplastic proteins called phytocyanins, such as AtUC5, that protect against ozone damage.

Quantitative evaluation of glycan-binding specificity of recombinant concanavalin A produced in lettuce (Lactuca sativa).

Concanavalin A (ConA), a mannose (Man)-specific leguminous lectin isolated from the jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis) seed extracts, was discovered over a century ago. Although ConA has been extensively applied in various life science research, recombinant mature ConA expression has not been fully established. Here, we aimed to produce recombinant ConA (rConA) in lettuce (Lactuca sativa) using an Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transient expression system.

CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutagenesis of the EPHEMERAL1 locus that regulates petal senescence in Japanese morning glory.

Flower longevity is one of the most important traits in ornamental plants. In Japanese morning glory (Ipomoea nil), EPHEMERAL1 (EPH1), a NAC transcription factor, is reportedly a key regulator of petal senescence. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated targeted mutagenesis is a powerful tool for crop breeding as well as for biological research.

Alteration of flower colour in Ipomoea nil through CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutagenesis of carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 4.

Japanese morning glory, Ipomoea nil, exhibits a variety of flower colours, except yellow, reflecting the accumulation of only trace amounts of carotenoids in the petals. In a previous study, we attributed this effect to the low expression levels of carotenogenic genes in the petals, but there may be other contributing factors. In the present study, we investigated the possible involvement of carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase (CCD), which cleaves specific double bonds of the polyene chains of carotenoids, in the regulation of carotenoid accumulation in the petals of I.

CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutagenesis of the dihydroflavonol-4-reductase-B (DFR-B) locus in the Japanese morning glory Ipomoea (Pharbitis) nil.

CRISPR/Cas9 technology is a versatile tool for targeted mutagenesis in many organisms, including plants. However, this technique has not been applied to the Japanese morning glory (Ipomoea [Pharbitis] nil), a traditional garden plant chosen for the National BioResource Project in Japan. We selected dihydroflavonol-4-reductase-B (DFR-B) of I.

Overexpression of carotenogenic genes in the Japanese morning glory () .

Japanese morning glory, , has several coloured flowers except yellow, because it can accumulate only trace amounts of carotenoids in the petal. To make the petal yellow with carotenoids, we introduced five carotenogenic genes (, , β- and β- from var. and bacterial from ) to white-flowered cv.

XTH20 and XTH19 regulated by ANAC071 under auxin flow are involved in cell proliferation in incised Arabidopsis inflorescence stems.

One week after partial incision of Arabidopsis inflorescence stems, the repair process in damaged tissue includes pith cell proliferation. Auxin is a key factor driving this process, and ANAC071, a transcription factor gene, is upregulated in the distal region of the incised stem. Here we show that XTH20 and the closely related XTH19, members of xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolases family catalyzing molecular grafting and/or hydrolysis of cell wall xyloglucans, were also upregulated in the distal part of the incised stem, similar to ANAC071.

CLE6 expression recovers gibberellin deficiency to promote shoot growth in Arabidopsis.

Small peptides act as local signals during plant development, but few studies have examined their interaction with phytohormone signaling. Here, we show that application of gibberellin (GA) to Arabidopsis shoots induces substantial accumulation of transcripts encoded by CLE6, a member of the CLAVATA/ESR-RELATED (CLE) gene family, in the root stele, followed by promotion of organ growth by CLE6 in GA-deficient plants. The long-distance effect of GA4 was demonstrated by the observation that its application to the shoot apex of the GA-deficient mutant ga3ox1/ga3ox2 rescued the short-root phenotype.

Isolation and characterization of a carrot nucleolar protein with structural and sequence similarity to the vertebrate PESCADILLO protein.

The nuclear matrix is involved in many nuclear events, but its protein architecture in plants is still not fully understood. A cDNA clone was isolated by immunoscreening with a monoclonal antibody raised against nuclear matrix proteins of Daucus carota L. Its deduced amino acid sequence showed about 40% identity with the PESCADILLO protein of zebrafish and humans.

Generative cell-specific activation of the histone gH2A gene promoter of Lilium longiflorum in tobacco.

The Lilium longiflorum gH2A promoter is active exclusively in the generative cells of mature pollen in transgenic tobacco expressing the gH2A promoter::GUS (β-glucuronidase) construct as a reporter gene. Temporal and spatial aspects of gH2A promoter activity examined during pollen development in transgenic tobacco reveal that GUS reporter activity was not detected until developing pollen entered the early bicellular developmental stage. Activity was first detected in generative cells at early-mid stages and gradually increased to maximum levels at mid-bicellular stages.

ICE1 Ser403 is necessary for protein stabilization and regulation of cold signaling and tolerance.

ICE1, a MYC-type transcription factor, has an important role in the induction of CBF3/DREB1A for regulation of cold signaling and tolerance. Here we reveal that serine 403 of ICE1 is involved in regulating the transactivation and stability of the ICE1 protein. Substitution of serine 403 by alanine enhanced the transactivational activity of ICE1 in Arabidopsis protoplasts.

Constitutive expression of the GIGANTEA ortholog affects circadian rhythms and suppresses one-shot induction of flowering in Pharbitis nil, a typical short-day plant.

GIGANTEA (GI) is a key regulator of flowering time, which is closely related to the circadian clock function in Arabidopsis. Mutations in the GI gene cause photoperiod-insensitive flowering and altered circadian rhythms. We isolated the GI ortholog PnGI from Pharbitis (Ipomoea) nil, an absolute short-day (SD) plant.

Historical and contemporary gene dispersal in wild carrot (Daucus carota ssp. carota) populations.

Background And Aims: Wild carrot is the ancestor of cultivated carrot and is the most important gene pool for carrot breeding. Transgenic carrot may be released into the environment in the future. The aim of the present study was to determine how far a gene can disperse in wild carrot populations, facilitating risk assessment and management of transgene introgression from cultivated to wild carrots and helping to design sampling strategies for germplasm collections.

PnMADS1, encoding an StMADS11-clade protein, acts as a repressor of flowering in Pharbitis nil.

We previously isolated PnMADS1, a MADS-box transcription factor and member of the functionally diverse StMADS11 clade of the MADS-box family, from Pharbitis nil, which is a typical SD plant. However, its precise function remained unclear. To investigate the biological role of PnMADS1, and especially its involvement in flowering, we constructed transgenic P.

Male gametic cell-specific histone gH2A gene of Lilium longiflorum: genomic structure and promoter activity in the generative cell.

A genomic clone containing the gH2A gene, a histone variant specifically expressed in male gametic cells within the pollen of Lilium longiflorum, was isolated. Sequence analysis revealed that the coding region of the gene is interrupted by one intron, as is the case with the somatic type of plant histone H2A genes, suggesting derivation from the same ancestral gene containing one intron. In addition, a 2.

Genomic structure of a novel Arabidopsis clock-controlled gene, AtC401, which encodes a pentatricopeptide repeat protein.

We isolated and characterized AtC401, a novel Arabidopsis clock-controlled gene that encodes a protein containing the pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) motif. AtC401 was isolated as an Arabidopsis homolog of Pharbitis nil C401 (PnC401), a gene that encodes a leaf protein closely related to the photoperiodic induction of flowering and displays a circadian rhythm at the transcriptional level. The AtC401 gene spans 5.

Characterization of transcriptional oscillation of an Arabidopsis homolog of PnC401 related to photoperiodic induction of flowering in Pharbitis nil.

AtC401 is an Arabidopsis homolog of PnC401 that is related to photoperiodic induction of flowering in Pharbitis nil. These genes show free-running rhythms. To study the free-running rhythm of AtC401, we fused a firefly luciferase reporter to the AtC401 promoter and transformed it into Arabidopsis plants.

Molecular characterization of a novel protein disulfide isomerase in carrot.

A protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) coding sequence was cloned from a cDNA library derived from carrot (Daucus carota L.) somatic embryos. The cDNA is 2060 bp in length and encodes for a protein of 581 amino acids and molecular weight of 64.