[Identification of dietary patterns and their relationship with physical performance in adults of 85 years of age and older -A cross sectional study from The Tokyo Oldest Old survey on Total Health study].

Aim: While the proportion of people of ≥85 years of age is expected to increase, there is limited research on the dietary patterns and physical performance of this population in Japan. The purpose of this study was to identify the dietary patterns of people of ≥85 years of age who live in Tokyo and to examine the relationship with their physical performance.

Methods: Using data from the baseline survey (conducted in 2008-2009) of The Tokyo Oldest Old survey on Total Health study, the estimated 58 food intake items were aggregated into 33 items after energy adjustment, and a principal component analysis was performed.

Relationship between Dietary Patterns and Subjectively Measured Physical Activity in Japanese Individuals 85 Years and Older: A Cross-Sectional Study.

High-quality diets and regular physical activity (PA) are considered healthy behaviors (HBs). HBs are associated with many health outcomes and are expected to improve quality of life. Although implementing HBs is important, the relationship between dietary patterns (DPs) and PA has not been well investigated, especially among those aged ≥ 85.

Relation between number of teeth, malnutrition, and 3-year mortality in elderly individuals ≥85 years.

Objective: The number of teeth has been shown to affect mortality. However, it is unclear why the number of teeth is associated with mortality. We focused on the number of teeth and malnutrition and examined whether these differences affect 3-year all-cause mortality among very elderly individuals.

Physical activity and all-cause mortality and mediators of the association in the very old.

Background And Objective: Physical activity (PA) confers protection to individuals from the risk of death. However, in the very old, the dose-response relationship between PA and all-cause mortality and the possible biological mediators of this association are less known. We investigated whether PA predicts 6-year all-cause mortality and what biomarkers mediate the association.

Association among extracellular superoxide dismutase genotype, plasma concentration, and comorbidity in the very old and centenarians.

Superoxide dismutase 3 (SOD3), an antioxidant enzyme, is known as extracellular SOD (EC-SOD) because it is the predominant form in extracellular fluids. The diversity of plasma EC-SOD concentration is associated with the SOD3 p.R231G missense variant genotype.

A significant association of non-obese non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with osteosarcopenic obesity in females 50 years and older.

Background & Aims: Osteosarcopenic obesity (OSO) encompassing obesity, sarcopenia and osteopenia, is due to redistribution or infiltration of fat into muscle and bone. This cross-sectional study evaluated the association between OSO and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Methods: Obesity, sarcopenia and osteopenia was defined using the percentage of body fat mass, reduced muscle mass, and the percentage of young adult mean < 80%, measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, respectively.

Associations of poor oral health with frailty and physical functioning in the oldest old: results from two studies in England and Japan.

Background: Very few studies have examined the relationship of oral health with physical functioning and frailty in the oldest old (> 85 years). We examined the association of poor oral health with markers of disability, physical function and frailty in studies of oldest old in England and Japan.

Methods: The Newcastle 85+ Study in England (n = 853) and the Tokyo Oldest Old Survey on Total Health (TOOTH; n = 542) comprise random samples of people aged > 85 years.

Metabolic Syndrome is a Predisposing Factor for Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis.

Objective: Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) causes spinal ankylosis, which can result in patients suffering specific spinal fractures that lead to a reduction in the activities of daily life in older patients. Currently, DISH is associated with diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease; however, the association between DISH and metabolic syndrome has not been established. The purpose of this study was to investigate a potential association between DISH and metabolic syndrome.

Associations of cardiovascular biomarkers and plasma albumin with exceptional survival to the highest ages.

Supercentenarians (those aged ≥110 years) are approaching the current human longevity limit by preventing or surviving major illness. Identifying specific biomarkers conducive to exceptional survival might provide insights into counter-regulatory mechanisms against aging-related disease. Here, we report associations between cardiovascular disease-related biomarkers and survival to the highest ages using a unique dataset of 1,427 oldest individuals from three longitudinal cohort studies, including 36 supercentenarians, 572 semi-supercentenarians (105-109 years), 288 centenarians (100-104 years), and 531 very old people (85-99 years).

A significant association of non-obese non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with sarcopenic obesity.

Background & Aims: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is significantly related to sarcopenia as well as obesity and its associated comorbidities. This cross-sectional study aims to examine the association between four body composition phenotypes (standard, obesity alone, sarcopenia alone, sarcopenic obesity) and non-obese NAFLD, or obese NAFLD.

Methods: Reduced muscle mass and high percentage of body fat mass was measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, and body composition phenotypes were determined, according to Asian criteria for sarcopenia.

Sex-Specific Effects of Apolipoprotein ε4 Allele on Mortality in Very Old and Centenarian Japanese Men.

The apolipoprotein E4 (APOE ε4) allele has attracted attention as an age-related genetic factor, both in neurology and gerontology. To understand the effects of the APOE ε4 allele on mortality in elderly individuals, we combined Japanese prospective cohort studies comprising 535 very old individuals (85-99 years of age) and 930 centenarians (over 100 years of age) and analyzed the association between mortality rates and candidate factors, including the APOE ε4 allele. APOE genotyping revealed an inverse correlation between the APOE ε4 allele carrier rate and age.

Potential association of metabolic and musculoskeletal disorders with lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration: Cross-sectional study using medical checkup data.

Background: The pathogenesis of intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is complex and involves the interaction of multiple factors. However, few systemic studies have explored the associations of metabolic disorders and age-related musculoskeletal disorders with the development of IVD degeneration.

Methods: We analyzed clinical data obtained from healthy individuals who had undergone a musculoskeletal checkup.

Negative effect of fatty liver on visualization of pancreatic cystic lesions at screening transabdominal ultrasonography.

Rationale, Aims, And Objectives: The aim of this observational study is to identify factors by which some pancreatic cystic lesions (PCLs) were undetectable at transabdominal ultrasonography (TAUS), using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as reference standard.

Methods: The database for 781 consecutive subjects who underwent a health checkup including fat computed tomography and upper abdominal MRI as option was searched. The presence of fatty liver and fatty pancreas was diagnosed by TAUS, and atrophic pancreas was determined by reevaluating the image of the pancreas in the chest computed tomography for screening.

Relative validity of brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire among very old Japanese aged 80 years or older.

Objective: Dietary questionnaires for assessing dietary intakes among populations of individuals aged 80 years or older (the very old) are very limited. We examined the relative validity of forty-three nutrients and twenty-seven food groups estimated by a brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire (BDHQ) targeting very old Japanese, using semi-weighed dietary records (DR) as a reference.

Design: Between June and August 2012 and between June 2015 and February 2016, a three-day non-consecutive DR (at two-week intervals) and a BDHQ were completed.

Spinal epidural lipomatosis is a previously unrecognized manifestation of metabolic syndrome.

Background Context: Spinal epidural lipomatosis (SEL) is a condition in which excess lumbar epidural fat (EF) deposition often leads to compression of the cauda equina or nerve root. Although SEL is often observed in obese adults, no systematic research investigating the potential association between SEL and metabolic syndrome has been conducted.

Purpose: To elucidate potential association between SEL and metabolic syndrome.

Maintenance of the paraspinal muscles may protect against radiographic knee osteoarthritis.

Background: Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is an increasing health problem worldwide. So far, only obesity and quadriceps weakness are identified as modifiable risk factors for knee OA. Core muscle strengthening is becoming increasingly popular among older adults because of its ability to enhance the activities of daily living during old age.

[The drug burden of anticholinergics and sedatives and influence on outcomes in the community-living oldest old: The Tokyo Oldest Old survey on Total Health (TOOTH) survey].

Aim: The objective of this study was to assess the burdens of anticholinergic and sedative drugs in community-living individuals of 85 years of age or older.

Methods: The Tokyo Oldest Old survey on Total Health (TOOTH) is a cohort study designed to assess the physical, mental, and oral health of the community-living oldest old. We investigated the relationships between the anticholinergic/sedative burden and physical/cognitive outcomes.

Satisfaction with dietary life affects oral health-related quality of life and subjective well-being in very elderly people.

Age-related deterioration in physical and oral health reduces healthy life expectancy and is thus an important problem for very elderly people. We investigated the effects of satisfaction with dietary life (SDL) in everyday life on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) and subjective well-being and examined associations between these factors. We evaluated 426 elders aged 85 years or older.

Association of Kidney Dysfunction With Asymptomatic Cerebrovascular Abnormalities in a Japanese Population With Health Checkups.

Background: Cerebrovascular disease is a major cause of mortality and morbidity. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is prevalent in stroke patients. This study evaluated the correlation between kidney dysfunction and asymptomatic findings on carotid ultrasonography (US) and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a Japanese population with health checkups.

Perceived swallowing problems and mortality risk in very elderly people ≥85 years old: Results of the Tokyo Oldest Old Survey on Total Health study.

Objective: The aim of this study was to clarify whether perceived swallowing problems affect the life expectancy of very elderly individuals.

Background: In an ageing society, oral function affects health status. In particular, a decline in swallowing function may increase the risk of various diseases, morbidity and malnutrition.

Identification of dietary patterns and their relationships with general and oral health in the very old.

Little is known about the dietary patterns of Asian populations aged >=85 years and their associated factors. Thus, we aimed to (1) identify these dietary patterns and (2) clarify the relationships between the dietary pattern and health outcomes in a community-dwelling very old population. The Tokyo Oldest Old Survey on Total Health study is an observational cohort study comprising 512 Japanese subjects (women, n=288; men, n=224; age, 87.

Longitudinal association of hypertension and diabetes mellitus with cognitive functioning in a general 70-year-old population: the SONIC study.

Both hypertension and diabetes in middle-aged individuals have been suggested to be predictive indicators of cognitive decline. However, the association of hypertension, diabetes and their combination with cognitive functioning is still controversial in older people. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between cognitive decline and hypertension, diabetes, and their combination in 70-year-old people based on a 3-year longitudinal analysis.

Carotid Plaque Score and Risk of Cardiovascular Mortality in the Oldest Old: Results from the TOOTH Study.

Aim: Accumulating evidence suggests that predictability of traditional cardiovascular risk factors declines with advancing age. We investigated whether carotid plaque scores (CPSs) were associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) death in the oldest old, and whether asymmetrical dimethylarginine (ADMA), a marker of endothelial dysfunction, moderated the association between the CPS and CVD death.

Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study of Japanese subjects aged ≥85 years without CVD at baseline.