Oncofetal IGF2BP3-mediated control of microRNA structural diversity in the malignancy of early-stage lung adenocarcinoma.

The nature of microRNA (miRNA) dysfunction in carcinogenesis remains controversial because of the complex connection between miRNA structural diversity and biological processes. Here, we found that oncofetal IGF2BP3 regulates the selective production of a subset of 3'-isoforms (3'-isomiRs), including miR-21-5p and Let-7 family, which induces significant changes in their cellular seed occupancy and structural components, establishing a cancer-specific gene expression profile. The D-score, reflecting dominant production of a representative miR-21-5p+C (a 3'-isomiR), discriminated between clinical early-stage lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) cases with low and high recurrence risks, and was associated with molecular features of cell cycle progression, epithelial-mesenchymal transition pressure, and immune evasion.

A case of pancreatic PEComa with prominent inflammatory cell infiltration: the inflammatory subtype is a distinct histologic group of PEComa.

Background: PEComa is a mesenchymal tumor that can occur in various organs including the uterus and soft tissues. PEComas are composed of perivascular epithelioid cells, and angiomyolipoma (AML), clear cell sugar tumor (CCST), and lymphangiomyomatosis (LAM) are considered lesions of the same lineage as tumors of the PEComa family. Histologically, a common PEComa shows solid or sheet-like proliferation of epithelioid cells.

[Case of Mixed Neuroendocrine-Non-Neuroendocrine Neoplasm of the Papilla of Vater Metastasizing to the Lung after Resection].

A 79-year-old man visited a hospital for right upper abdominal pain and nausea. After conservative treatment for cholangitis and pancreatitis owing to a pancreatic head lesion, he was referred to our hospital for further evaluation and treatment of the lesion. He was diagnosed with pancreatic head cancer or carcinoma of papilla of Vater and underwent subtotal stomach- preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy.

Exosomes secreted by ST3GAL5 cancer cells promote peritoneal dissemination by establishing a premetastatic microenvironment.

Peritoneal dissemination of cancer affects patient survival. The behavior of peritoneal mesothelial cells (PMCs) and immune cells influences the establishment of a microenvironment that promotes cancer cell metastasis in the peritoneum. Here, we investigated the roles of lactosylceramide alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase (ST3G5; also known as ST3GAL5 and GM3 synthase) in the exosome-mediated premetastatic niche in peritoneal milky spots (MSs).

CCDC85A is regulated by miR-224-3p and augments cancer cell resistance to endoplasmic reticulum stress.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play pivotal roles in the tumor microenvironment. Here, we analyzed miRNAs in tumor stromal fibroblasts. Expression of miR-224-3p in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) from scirrhous gastric cancer patients was lower than in normal fibroblasts (NF).

Macrophage numbers in the marginal area of sarcomas predict clinical prognosis.

Even when treated comprehensively by surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, soft-tissue sarcoma has an unfavorable outcome. Because soft-tissue sarcoma is rare, it is the subject of fewer clinicopathological studies, which are important for clarifying pathophysiology. Here, we examined tumor-associated macrophages in the intratumoral and marginal areas of sarcomas to increase our knowledge about the pathophysiology.

[Postmortem diagnosis of intravascular large B-cell lymphoma after atraumatic splenic rupture due to splenic infiltration].

Atraumatic splenic rupture (ASR) is a rare but fatal complication of malignant lymphoma. However, only one case of intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (IVLBCL)-related ASR (IVLBCL-ASR) has previously been reported, and the mechanism of IVLBCL-ASR is unknown. We present the case of a 78-year-old man who died unexpectedly and was diagnosed with IVLBCL-ASR pathologically by autopsy.

The prognostic role of M2 tumor-associated macrophages in non-small-cell lung cancer.

Lung cancer is a high-risk tumor and is a main cause of death worldwide. The tumor aggressiveness and degree of malignancy depend not only on the tumor itself, but also on the microenvironment. The inflammatory microenvironment is one of the key factors in promoting the progression of lung cancer.

SKAP2 suppresses inflammation-mediated tumorigenesis by regulating SHP-1 and SHP-2.

Inflammatory bowel diseases, like ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are frequently accompanied by colorectal cancers. However, the mechanisms underlying colitis-associated cancers are not fully understood. Src Kinase Associated Phosphoprotein 2 (SKAP2), a substrate of Src family kinases, is highly expressed in macrophages.

Cancer-associated fibroblasts educate normal fibroblasts to facilitate cancer cell spreading and T-cell suppression.

In some tumors, a small number of cancer cells are scattered in a large fibrotic stroma. Here, we demonstrate a novel mechanism for expansion of pro-tumor fibroblasts via cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF)-mediated education of normal fibroblasts (NFs). When NFs were incubated with conditioned medium from CAFs, the resulting CAF-educated fibroblasts (CEFs) generated reactive oxygen species, which induced NF-κB-mediated expression of inflammatory cytokines and the extracellular matrix protein asporin (ASPN), while expression of a common CAF marker gene, α-SMA, was not increased.

Disorganization of intercalated discs in dilated cardiomyopathy.

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a primary myocardial disease, the pathology of which is left ventricular or biventricular dilation and impaired myocardial contractility. The clinical and pathological diagnosis of DCM is difficult, and other cardiac diseases must be ruled out. Several studies have reported pathological findings that are characteristic of DCM, including cardiomyocyte atrophy, nuclear pleomorphism, and interstitial fibrosis, but none of these findings are DCM-specific.

Collision of Epstein-Barr virus-positive and -negative gastric cancer, diagnosed by molecular analysis: a case report.

Background: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive gastric carcinoma (GC) is defined by the proliferation of GC cells with EBV infection. The co-existence of EBV-positive and -negative components in a single GC is rare. We report a case of GC with the co-existence of EBV-positive and EBV-negative components, in which we performed-for the first time-various molecular analyses to elucidate their histogenesis.

A case of Russell body gastritis with multifocal lesions.

Russell body gastritis is an extremely rare gastritis characterized by abundant infiltration of plasma cells with Russell body and eccentric nuclei, known as Mott cells. An 81-year-old Japanese woman with and hepatitis C virus infection complaining of abdominal discomfort underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, which detected an elevated lesion 2 cm in diameter at the anterior wall of the gastric body. A histological examination of the lesion revealed the infiltration of numerous Mott cells with an abundant eosinophilic crystal structure and eccentric nuclei in the lamina propria, resulting in a pathological diagnosis of Russell body gastritis.

Macrophage-mediated transfer of cancer-derived components to stromal cells contributes to establishment of a pro-tumor microenvironment.

Tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (TEVs) secreted into the blood create a pre-metastatic niche in distant organs; however, it is unclear how TEVs are delivered and how they affect stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) have pivotal roles in cancer progression by interacting with cancer cells and other stromal cells. Here, we report a novel function of TAMs: delivery and transmission of TEV contents.

The intratumoral distribution influences the prognostic impact of CD68- and CD204-positive macrophages in non-small cell lung cancer.

Objective: Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are believed to influence tumor progression and the prognosis of patients. The purpose of this study was to clarify the correlation between the TAM density or location and the clinicopathological features of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) as well as to explore the prognostic impact of TAMs in NSCLC.

Materials And Methods: CD68- and CD204-positive macrophages were detected in tumor islets, tumor stroma and alveolar space in 297 patients with NSCLC using immunochemistry.

The low expression of miR-451 predicts a worse prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer cases.

Purpose: miR-451 is a tumor suppressive microRNA with several target genes, including Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF). As little is known about the expression and clinicopathological significance of mir-451 in NSCLC, we performed a clinicopathological study of 370 NSCLC cases to clarify them. Cell biological experiments were also performed on NSCLC cell lines to confirm the tumor-suppressive role of miR-451 and whether or not MIF is targeted by miR-451.

[A case of gradually progressive, symptomatic, ectopic gastric pancreas].

A 27-year-old man was admitted to a hospital with a complaint of epigastric discomfort. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and endoscopic ultrasonography revealed an elevated lesion on the posterior wall of the upper gastric body, and a diagnosis of ectopic gastric pancreas was made. Follow-up endoscopy performed 5 years later revealed an increase in the size of the mass to approximately 5cm in diameter.

[A successful resected case of advanced esophageal cancer with early gastric cancer responding to neoadjuvant chemotherapy of docetaxel, CDDP and 5-FU].

A 72-year-old male with a chief complaint of dysphagia was admitted to our hospital. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopic examination showed double cancers with thoracic esophageal cancer in the middle esophagus and gastric cancer in the antrum. Pathological examinations of the double cancer revealed the first one to be moderately-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma and the second to be well-differentiated adenocarcinoma.

[A case of advanced esophageal carcinoma with nephrotic syndrome completely responding to chemotherapy of docetaxel, nedaplatin and 5-fluorouracil].

A 78-year-old male was admitted to our hospital because of dysphagia. He had been diagnosed as nephritic syndrome at 30 years of age and had been treated with prednisolone 10 mg/day. Blood examination revealed renal dysfunction; BUN 25 mg/dL, Cr 1.

[A successful resected case of far-advanced cancer at the esophagogastric junction by chemoradiotherapy with docetaxel, nedaplatin and 5-fluorouracil].

The patient, a 73-year-old male, was admitted to our hospital because of dysphagia. A far-advanced cancer was diagnosed at the esophagogastric junction by upper gastrointestinal endoscopic examination. Pathological biopsy examinations revealed poorly-differentiated adenocarcinoma.