Occurrence and AhR activity of brominated parabens in the Kitakami River, North Japan.

Parabens are used as preservatives in pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs). Parabens react with aqueous chlorine, which is used in disinfection processes, leading to the formation of halogenated parabens. In the presence of Br, parabens and HOBr (formed via oxidation of Br) can react to form brominated parabens.

Hierarchy in the home cage affects behaviour and gene expression in group-housed C57BL/6 male mice.

Group-housed male mice exhibit aggressive behaviour towards their cage mates and form a social hierarchy. Here, we describe how social hierarchy in standard group-housed conditions affects behaviour and gene expression in male mice. Four male C57BL/6 mice were kept in each cage used in the study, and the social hierarchy was determined from observation of video recordings of aggressive behaviour.

Estrogen- and stress-induced DNA damage in breast cancer and chemoprevention with dietary flavonoid.

Breast cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed female cancers and a leading cause of cancer-related death in women. Multiple factors are responsible for breast cancer and heritable factors have received much attention. DNA damage in breast cancer is induced by prolonged exposure to estrogens, such as 17β-estradiol, daily social/psychological stressors, and environmental chemicals such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heterocyclic amines (HCAs).

Absorption and Metabolism of Luteolin and Its Glycosides from the Extract of Chrysanthemum morifolium Flowers in Rats and Caco-2 Cells.

To elucidate the bioavailability of luteolin and its glycosides in Chrysanthemum morifolium flowers, the absorption and metabolism of luteolin from them was investigated in rats and Caco-2 cells using HPLC and LC-MS. After oral administration of C. morifolium extract (1.